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Definition
| Allows you to see microscopic beings that aren't visible to the naked eye |
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Definition
| Uses lenses to make objects appear larger |
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Definition
| Allows you to see fine details and distinguish two objects that are close together as being two separate objects rather than just one |
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Definition
| Objects absorption or transmittance of light where some appear darker and others appear lighter |
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Definition
| A technique used to enhance the contrast |
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Term
| Stereomicroscope Viewing Range |
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Definition
| a few hundreths of a millimeter to about one centimeter |
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Definition
| distance between your eyes |
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Definition
| left is upper light and right is lower light |
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Definition
| used to view opaque (non-transparent) objects |
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Definition
| Used to view transparent objects |
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Definition
| the lenses you look through to view an object |
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Definition
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Definition
| used to increase or decrease the apparent size of the object in view |
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Definition
| on left eyepiece of Nikon Microscope that allows you to precisely adjust the sharpness of the image |
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Term
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Definition
| has four objective lenses and can be rotated to change objectives |
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Term
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Definition
| each has a different magnification (shortest=4x, 10x, 40x, longest=100x |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| product of the eyepiece and objective lens magnifications |
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Term
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Definition
| always 10x, so total magnification would be 10x x 4x=40x (example) |
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Definition
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Definition
| lower knob moves the slide to the right and the upper knob moves the slide towards or away from you |
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Definition
| two of them that are used to sharpen the image |
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Definition
| moves stage up or down quite a distance to permit focusing; only used with the 4x and 10x objectives; if used with 40x or 100x, it could hit the slide and ruin it |
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Term
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Definition
| used for higher magnification objects that moves the stage vertically only a small distance; used with any of the objectives |
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Term
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Definition
| contains the iris diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
| can be opened to permit more light to illuminate the slide |
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Definition
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Term
| Amoeba and Human Cheek Cell |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| magnifies up to 30x; used to view very large objects that are visible with the naked eye, just gives them more detail; allows you to see specimen in 3-D |
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Term
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Definition
| eyepieces, magnification control knob, focusing knob, base, light switches |
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Term
| Nikon (Compound) Microscope |
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Definition
| magnifies up to 1,000x; allows you to view very small objects not visible with the naked eye; object has to be so thin that light will pass through it so it is not 3-D |
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Term
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Definition
| eyepieces, caliper, mechanical stage, nosepiece, four objectives, coarse focus ring, fine focus ring, stage controls, condenser with iris diaphragm, power switch, light source |
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Term
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Definition
| one tenth millimeter to a couple millimeters |
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Definition
| one of the major ways to separate and identify proteins |
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Term
| Electrophoretic Separation |
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Definition
| depends in great part on the net electrical charge of proteins |
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Term
| If a protein has a negative charge |
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Definition
| it migrates to the positive pole of the field |
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Term
| If a protein has a positive net charge |
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Definition
| it will migrate toward the negative pole |
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Term
| If the protein has no net charge |
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Definition
| will not move toward either pole |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
5 Amino Acids with ionic R groups
(ionic=charged) |
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Definition
| aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, and histidine |
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Term
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Definition
| at some pH where the particular protein has no net charge |
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Term
| Independent Variable in Electrophoresis Lab |
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Definition
| property you change or manipulate in a systematic way; example: the pH of the buffer |
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Term
| Dependent Variable in the Electrophoresis Lab |
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Definition
| outcome affected by the independent variable; example: electrical charge on a protein |
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Term
| Graph of pH and net charge on protein |
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Definition
| inverse relationship; the higher the pH, the lower the charge or more negative (downward slope to the right) |
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Term
| Property that influences protein migration |
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Definition
| charge on the protein; ionic R group is responsible for this property |
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Term
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Definition
| the charge is higher because more hydrogen ions stick (higher h+ concentration) |
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Definition
| a lower charge because less hydrogen ions stick (less H+ concentration) |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a molecule to pass through a cell's membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| if a molecule cannot pass through a cell's membrane |
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Term
| Dependent Variable in Cell Membrane Permeability Lab |
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Definition
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Term
| Independent Variable in Cell Membrane Permeability Lab |
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Definition
| size, charge, lipid solubility |
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Term
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Definition
| time required to reach one half the maximum value indicated by the plot |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Spectrometer Instructions on how to calibrate |
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Definition
1. With no blank in the holder turn the left knob to 0% transmittance, 100% absorption
2. Put the blank in and turn the right knob to 100% transmittance, 0% absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| right knob; amount of light that passes through; upper reading on the scale |
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Term
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Definition
| left knob; amount of light absorbed; lower reading on the scale |
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Term
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Definition
| not permeable (no lysis); examples-sodium and chloride ions |
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Term
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Definition
| as increases, it is less permeable (inverse relationship); examples-urea, glycerol, and glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| as increases, becomes more permeable (increasing slope, direct relationship); more CH, nonpolar bonds=more permeable; lipid solubility "trumps" size |
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Term
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Definition
(time it takes to lysis, bigger #)-(starting amount, smaller number)
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| As size of a molecule increases... |
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Definition
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Term
| As solute concentration increases... |
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Definition
| water potential decreases |
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Term
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Definition
| when the cells burst from having too much diffused into them (when the solution becomes clear) |
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Term
| As molecular weight increases... |
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Definition
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Term
| As lipid solubility increases |
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Definition
| permeability increases as well |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| live in strange and hostile habitats, such as very salty, hot, or acidic environments |
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Definition
| most familiar prokaryote, distinguished by three shapes; peptidoglycan cell walls |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| organisms that feed on other things; aerobic=requires oxygen, anaerobic=does not require oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| self-feeders; ones that acquire energy from light=photosynthetic autotrophs |
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Term
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Definition
| bounded by nuclear membrane; diplomonads, rhizaria and amoebozoans, euglenids and kinetoplastids, alveolata,stramenopila, rhodophytes, slime molds |
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Term
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Definition
lack mitochondria, have 2 nuclei, move by flagella, heterotrophic (looks like a face)
GIARDIA |
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Term
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Definition
move by pseudopodia that project out to catch food, heterotrophic
RADIOLARA |
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Term
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Definition
move by pseudopodia that engulf food particles from environment, heterotrophic
AMOEBA PROTEUS |
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Term
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Definition
move by flagella, photosynthetic
EUGLENA |
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Term
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Definition
move by flagella, heterotrophic, one large mitochondria that contains kinetoplast
TRYPANOSOMA (causes sleeping sickness) |
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Term
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Definition
unicellular, move by cilia, heterotrophic
PARAMECIUM |
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Term
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Definition
unicellular, heterotrophic
PLASMODIUM |
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Term
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Definition
unicellular, autotrophic (chlorophyll a and c), moves by flagella
PERIDINIUM |
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Term
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Definition
move by two flagella, unicellular, autotrophic (chlorophyll a and c)
DIATOMS |
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Term
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Definition
autotrophic (chlorophyll a and c), move by flagella, multicellular
SARGASSUM and FUCUS |
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Term
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Definition
autotrophs (chlorophyll a and d), red algae
BATRACHOSPERMUM |
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Term
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Definition
heterotrophic (take in food by phagocytosis) , acellular
PHYSARUM |
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Term
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Definition
| heterotrophic, cell walls made of chitin; examples-zygomycota, basidiomycota, ascomycota |
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Term
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Definition
reproduce sexually by having the hyphae adjoining individuals extending branches that make contact, coalesce, and form gametes that fuse togther to form a zygote that then can develop into an individual, heterotrophic
RHIZOPUS |
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Term
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Definition
heterotrophic, reproduce sexually by basidia; mushrooms, toadstools, bracket fungi, and puffballs
CLUB MUSHROOMS |
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Term
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Definition
heterotrophic, reproduce sexually by asci structures that contain spores
SACCHAROMYCES (YEAST) |
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