Term
Animals with larger body masses are equipped w/ |
|
Definition
A.lung and/or gill apparatuses to maximize the surface area
B. Digestive systems to batch process large amnts of food
C. circulatory systems to increase the rate food and o2 are proved to cells and waste removed
D. excretory systems to filter nitrogenous wastes and help maintain water balance |
|
|
Term
| The basic circulatory system consists of: |
|
Definition
1. a heart
2. arteries
3. capillaries
4. veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-muscular tubes
-carry blood away from the heart to capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-where actual exchange of oxygen, food, and wastes b/w blood and cells of the tissues takes place
-next blood flows into veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| return blood to the heart |
|
|
Term
| contraction phase of heart muscle is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the relaxation phase of heart muscle is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-veins that carry blood from one organ directly to another before returning to the heart
-ex. hepatic portal vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-carries blood from the small intestine directly to the liver
-allows the liver to maintain blood sugar and other substances in the blood at fairly constant homeostatic lvls |
|
|
Term
right or left, from or to body, enter or exit ventricle?
tricuspid valve |
|
Definition
-right
-enter right ventricle
-from body |
|
|
Term
right or left, from or to body, enter or exit ventricle?
pulmonary valve |
|
Definition
-right
-enter
-exit ventricle |
|
|
Term
right or left, from or to body, enter or exit ventricle?
aortic valve |
|
Definition
-left
-to body
-exit ventricle |
|
|
Term
right or left, to or from body, enter or exit ventricle?
mitral valve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the digestive system breaks down proteins/carbohydrates into the basic building block materials which are: |
|
Definition
-amino acids
-monosaccharides
-fatty acids
-glycerol
-nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
| In mammals, the digestive system is composed, in order, of: |
|
Definition
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small and large intestines
rectum
anus |
|
|
Term
functions and enzymes
mouth |
|
Definition
-acquisition of food; breakdown into smaller pieces of higher SA/V ration to increase surface area for enzyme activity
- salivary amylase- breaks down starch to maltose |
|
|
Term
functions and enzymes
esophagus |
|
Definition
| -transports food to stomach via peristaltic activity of muscles |
|
|
Term
functions and enzymes
stomach |
|
Definition
-very muscular organ; produces HCL to aid in breakdown of meat in particular; HCL is also bcteriocidal
-rennin- coagulates milk protein to slow its passage and increase its digestion
pepsin- digests protein to smaller polypeptides
|
|
|
Term
functions and enzymes
small intestine |
|
Definition
-basic pH required for enzyme activity; primary site of enzymatic activity; primary site of enzymatic digestion of food and site of absorption of building blocks
-pancreatic amylase- digests start to maltose
- trypsin and chymotrypsin- digest polypeptides to smaller polypeptides
- aminopeptidases & carboxypeptidases- small polypeptides to amino acids
-sugar and fat digesting enzymes are also present |
|
|
Term
functions and enzymbes
large intestine |
|
Definition
-removal of much of remaining water form the indigestible material in preparation for its elimination of as feces. symbiotic bacteria add bulk to the feces and produce some vitamins used by the host |
|
|
Term
| in female mammals, path of an egg cell: |
|
Definition
1. overy (follicle)
2. body cavity
3. oviduct
4. uterus
5. vagina (if fertilization does not occur) |
|
|
Term
| 3 universal components of nervous control: |
|
Definition
1. stimulus reception (by a sensory receptor)
2. impulse transmission
3. reponse by an effector (usually a muscle or a gland) |
|
|
