True nucleus
Large
Large linear chromosomes
|
Term
| What is the dermal layer of plants for? |
|
Definition
| The dermal layer is the outer layer and it is used for protection |
|
|
Term
| What is the ground purpose in plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are vascular units of plants used for? |
|
Definition
Xylem-carry water
Phloem-bring in food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An axon takes nerves cells away from the neuron and send it to the rest of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A dendrite brings in nerve impulses from the body into the neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the classification of plants and animals |
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 levels of hierarchy? |
|
Definition
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species |
|
|
Term
| W. H. Whittekar proposed 5 Kingdom classifications. What are they? |
|
Definition
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Plantae
4. Fungi
5. Animalia |
|
|
Term
| Which kindom is the only one that included prokaryotes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which kindom is bacteria and archaea bacteria held? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does bacteria have that archaea bacteria lack? |
|
Definition
Peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Both coding and non-coding sequences in their genome.
Archaea bacteria lack non-coding sequences in their genome |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria, based on shape are divided into.... |
|
Definition
1. Spirillum-spiral or twisted in shape
2. Coccu-spherical or round shaped
3. Bacillus-rod shaped |
|
|
Term
| If a bacteria stains blue this means it is? |
|
Definition
| Gram positive (takes in methyline blue) |
|
|
Term
| If a bacteria stains red then it is? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative (takes in saffranin) |
|
|
Term
| What makes archaea bacteria so unique? |
|
Definition
They can withstand extreme conditions:
High temps (thermophiles)
Acidic environments (acidophiles)
Produce methane as a by-product of metabolism (methanogens) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Archaea bacteria that can thrive in high temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Archaea bacteria that produce methane as a by-product of metabolism |
|
|
Term
| Kingdom Protista is made up of_____ |
|
Definition
Eukaryotic
Single celled organisms
Lack both tissues and organs
|
|
|
Term
| What role do organelles in Protists play? |
|
Definition
Organelles help in digestion
Waste elimination, Osmoregulation-(controls levels of water), Defense |
|
|
Term
| What form are protists found? |
|
Definition
Single cells
Colonies
Free-living
Parasites |
|
|
Term
| Kingdom Protista includes 3 Phyla based on locomotive organs. What are they? |
|
Definition
Sarcomastigophora-Pseudopodia or flagella
Ciliophora-cilia
Apicomplexa-parasite |
|
|
Term
| What is an example something that would be found in Phylum Sarcomastigophora? |
|
Definition
Amoeba
Trypanosoma (sleeping sickness) |
|
|
Term
| Sarcodines and zooflagellates are found in what Phylum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main locomotive organelle in Amoeba proteus |
|
Definition
| Pseudopodium (false feet) |
|
|
Term
| What type of Sarcomastigophora is an Amoeba? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the differant parts of an Amoeba |
|
Definition
Plasmamembrane Nucleus
Cytoplasm Pseudopodia
Contractile vacuole Food vacuole
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A parasitic zooflagellate that belongs to the Sarcomastigophora phylum. Causes sleeping sickness. |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of Phylum Ciliophora? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the differant parts that make up a Paramecium? |
|
Definition
Oral cavity Pellicle
Cilia Contractile vacuoles 2
Macronucleus Micronucleus |
|
|
Term
| What creatures make up Phylum Apicomplexa? |
|
Definition
Endoparasitic creatures (within body of host)
|
|
|
Term
| What specialized locomotion structures do creatures have in Phylum Apicomplexa? |
|
Definition
| They do not have specialized locomotion structures |
|
|
Term
| What organelles does a species have thatfalls under Phylum Apicomplexa have for taking in food and digesting? |
|
Definition
| No specialized organelles for taking in food and digesting |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Apicomplexa lack... |
|
Definition
Specialized locomotion structures
Organelles for taking in and digesting food
Contractile vacuoles |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of Phylum Apicomplexa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are some plantlike protists which are included under Phylum ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of grouping can be found in Phylum Euglenophyta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some facts of Phylun Euglenophyta? |
|
Definition
Lack cell walls
Contain chloroplasts
Volvox is an example. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotrophs
Alternation of generation between a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte |
|
|
Term
| What are the divisions of Plantae? |
|
Definition
1. Bryophyta
2. Vascular seedless plants
3. Vascular seed bearing plants
4. Angiosperms (Phylum Anthophyta) |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Bryophyta? |
|
Definition
Primative No vascular system
No true root, stem and leaves
Rely on surrounding moisture
|
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a Bryophyta? |
|
Definition
| Hornworts, Liverworts, and mosses |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Vascular seedless plants? |
|
Definition
Vascular system
Spores instead of seeds
|
|
|
Term
| Vascular seedless plant phyla include? |
|
Definition
| Lycophyta, Psilophyta, Sphenophyta, and Pterophyta |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of Vascular seedless plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of vascular seed bearing plants? |
|
Definition
Vascular system
Produce seeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vascular seed bearing plant phyla include... |
|
Definition
| Cycadophyta, Coniferophyta, Ginkgophyta |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of vascular seed bearing plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of Angiosperms? |
|
Definition
Vascular
Seed bearing
Bear flowers |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi |
|
Definition
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophs
Most are saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead organic matter) |
|
|
Term
| Apart from unicellular yeasts, fungi consist of elongated filiments called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyphae begin as cellular extensions of spores that brance as they grow to form a network of hyphae |
|
|
Term
| Fungi is broken down into what phylums? |
|
Definition
Phylum Zygomycota
Phylum Ascomycota
Phylum Basidiomycota |
|
|
Term
| In Phylum Zygomycota hypae lack what? |
|
Definition
| Cross walls (septae) along filaments |
|
|
Term
| Reproduction in Phylum Zygomycota is done by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of Phylum Zygomycota is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phylum Ascomycota and Phylum Basidiomycota both have ______hyphae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reproduction in Phylum Ascomycota is done by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of Phylum Ascomycota are? |
|
Definition
| Yeats, molds, morels and truffles |
|
|
Term
| Reproduction is Phylum Basidiomycota is done by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of Phylum Basidiomycota are? |
|
Definition
| Mushrooms, toadstools, rusts and smuts |
|
|
Term
| Lichen is__________ of an algae and a fungus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the funtion of the fungal component of Lichens? |
|
Definition
anchorage
water retention
nutrient absorbance |
|
|
Term
| What role does the algal component play in lichens? |
|
Definition
| provides food from photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| What are the general characteristics of Kingdom Animalia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some Phyla that make up Kingdom Animalia? |
|
Definition
Porifera (sponges)
Cnidaria (jellyfishes)
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Nematoda (roundworms)
Rotifera (microscopic) |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Phylum Porifera? |
|
Definition
Aquatic
Sessile (stationary)
Filter feeders |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissues and organs are Sponges made of? (Porifera) |
|
Definition
| Sponges DO NOT have tissues or organs. Body is made up of differant layers of tissues |
|
|
Term
| How do Sponges (Porifera) feed? |
|
Definition
| Ostia-> in current canal-> excurrent canal-> spongocoel-> oscalam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chonocytes line the interior body of spongocoel.
Flagellated cells-movement of flagella helps bring in water from outside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amoebocytes are embedded in mesophyll
Move with pseudopodia
Digest food and help in carrying nutrients from one cell layer to other.
Produce skeletal structures called spicules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spicules are skeletal structures made up of calcium carbonite, silica or spongin |
|
|
Term
| What are the classes of Porifera? |
|
Definition
Calcarea-calcium carbonate spicules
Hexactenellida-silica spicules
Demospongiae-sponging spicules |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Cnidaria? |
|
Definition
Aquatic
Radial symmetry
Metamorphism
Tissue level organization
Primative nervous system
Organs for gamete formation |
|
|
Term
| What types of metamorphism do Cnidaria go through? |
|
Definition
Polyp (sessile)
Medusa (free flowing) |
|
|
Term
| What are the tissue level organizations in Cnidaria? |
|
Definition
diploblastic-epidermis
gastrodermis with mesoglea in between |
|
|
Term
| Name the classes of Cnidaria and give an example of each |
|
Definition
Hydrozoa (hydra-polyp form)-PMan of War
Scyphozoa (jelly fish medusa form)
Cubozoa (box jellys)
Anthozoa (sea anenomes, corals) |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Platyhelminthes? |
|
Definition
Triplobalstic
Flatworm like organisms
Central nervous system
Digestive system
Circulatory system
Reproductive system
Bilateral symmetry |
|
|
Term
| What does Triplobalstic mean? |
|
Definition
3 layers of tissue
ecto
endo
mesoderm (between gut and body) |
|
|
Term
| What are the classes of Platyhelminthes? |
|
Definition
Trematoda (flukes)-mostly parasites
Cestoda (tapeworms)-hooks and suckers; and cuticle are parasitic adaptations. Body made up of several divisions called "proglottids" (can form new tapeworks on own)
Tubellaria (free living flat worms)-Planarians |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Phylum Nematoda? |
|
Definition
Roundworms
Pseudocoelomates (body cavity lined by both mesodermal and endodermal lining
Bilateral symmetry
Triploblastic
Unsegmented body
Dioecious (seperate sexes)
Complete digestive, nervous and repo system
|
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a Nematoda? |
|
Definition
| Ascaris - females are longer than males. Posterior end of female is blunt and males have a hook |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Phylum Rotifera? |
|
Definition
Microscopic eukaryotic animals
Mostly aquatic
Cuticle of surface and so similar to flat and round worms
Crown of cilia around mouth called CORONA. Creates current which helps trap food.
"Wheel bearers"
Feed on phytoplankton to dead and decaying food material
Body of animal divided into head, neck , trunk and food
Well developed digestive system mouth->anus
Exhibit parthenogenesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crown of cilia around the mouth of the Rotifera with perform a circular movement when in water and create water current |
|
|
Term
| What do Rotifera feed on? |
|
Definition
| anything from phytoplankton to dead and decaying animals |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 divisions of Kingdom Plantae? |
|
Definition
Bryophyta
Vascular seedless plants
Vascular seed bearing plants
Angiosperms |
|
|
Term
| What are the phylum that make up Kingdom fungi? |
|
Definition
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota |
|
|
