Term
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Definition
| All the nonliving factors of the environment. |
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Definition
| An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival. |
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Definition
| The number and variety of living organisms. |
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Definition
| A major biotic community with similar climate conditions, such as a rainforest or desert |
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Term
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Definition
| The portion of the Earth and its atmosphere that can support life. |
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Definition
| All the living factors in the environment |
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Definition
| A cold, wet forest biome in the far north, also called taiga. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stable community where no major changes happen naturally. |
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Term
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Definition
| All the plants and animals that interact within an ecosystem. |
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Definition
| A plant that loses all its leaves during in the fall each year. |
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Definition
| Hot, dry region that receives less than 10 inches of precipitation annually. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| All the biotic and abiotic factors that interact in a specific area. |
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Definition
| A biome with mostly grasses and shrubs but very few trees. |
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Term
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Definition
| The regulation of the internal environment of an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biome with a salt water environment, relating to the ocean. |
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Term
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Definition
| All biochemical processes of an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| The role of a species in an ecosystem. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any living thing with one or more cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| A usually green, non-mobile organism that obtains energy from sunlight, makes its own food. |
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Term
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Definition
| All the individuals of a species that live together in the same area and interact. |
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Definition
| Biome with extremely high species diversity, very high rainfall annually and warm temperatures year round. |
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Term
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Definition
| The group of the same kind of organism that can interbreed, lowest level of classification. |
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Term
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Definition
| The regular progression of species replacement that occurs after a disturbance or uncovering bare ground. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cold, wet forest biome in the far north, also called boreal forest. |
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Term
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Definition
| A biome with warm summers and cold winters and many deciduous trees. |
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Term
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Definition
| A permanently frozen biome with no trees |
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Term
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Definition
| The main energy storage and transfer molecule in the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cycle of ATP breaking down to ADP, with the release of energy, and regenerating. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that obtains its energy from inorganic substances or from the sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microscopic prokaryotic organisms that cover almost everything. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that gets its energy by eating other organisms (meat). |
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Term
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Definition
| The maximum population which an area can maintain indefinitely. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two different organisms living together; one benefits, the other does not. |
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Term
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Definition
| the struggle among organisms for limited food, space, and other vital requirements. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that eats other organisms for its energy; also called a heterotroph. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that gains nutrients from breaking down dead organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of organisms out of an area |
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Term
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Definition
| A triangular picture that shows how energy decreases as you move up a food chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rate of growth where the number of organisms increases very quickly. |
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Term
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Definition
| The death of an entire species. |
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Term
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Definition
| A diagram showing a simple line of who eats what. |
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Term
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Definition
| A diagram showing the more complex interactions of who eats what, not a simple line. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that gets its energy by eating plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that eats other organisms to get energy, also called a consumer. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of organisms into a new area. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rate of growth where the number of organisms increases and then levels out. |
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Term
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Definition
| A recurring pattern of movement in response to environmental rhythms or seasonal changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two different organisms living together, both benefit. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which organisms take in and use food material. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that gets its energy by eating both plants and meat. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism which feeds on, but usually does not kill, another organism, like a tick. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in plants that converts sunlight and carbon dioxide to carbohydrates and oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microscopic organisms, algae and protozoans, that serve as food for other organisms in the water. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of individuals of a species per unit area. |
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Term
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Definition
| An animal that lives by preying on (hunting and killing) other animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| An animal that is killed and eaten by another animal. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that converts sunlight to sugar, also known as an autotroph. |
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Term
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Definition
| An animal that eats the dead remains and wastes of other animals and plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two different organisms living together. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain - (producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, decomposer) |
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Term
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Definition
| Process requiring energy for movement of particles across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenosine Diposphate; an organic compound that is composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| A thin, semipermeable barrier around the cell which regulates what enters and leaves the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| This structure provides support and protection for plant cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| The organelle that plays a role in cell division. |
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Term
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Definition
| A green pigment in chloroplasts that traps light energy from the sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| The organelle in plants where photosynthesis happens, it contains chlorophyll. |
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Term
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Definition
| A scientist who studies cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process where molecules tend to move from an area of high concentration to low concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| The organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes and processes proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process where substances are transported across cell membranes by a protein carrier molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| This organelle processes and packages proteins in the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organelle that digests and disposes of waste material in the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The organelle that makes energy for the cell. Cellular respiration happens here. |
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Term
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Definition
| The structure that houses the cells genetic information. |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of a cell that has a specific function in the body of the cell, a "little organ". |
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Term
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Definition
| The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane with the concentration gradient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that moves materials across a membrane with the concentration gradient, does not require energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| This organelle synthesizes (makes) proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a membrane to allow some substances to cross, but not others. |
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Term
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Definition
| In RNA, this replaces the thymine base and bonds to adenine (A). |
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Term
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Definition
| A tiny fluid-filled cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell, used for storage. |
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Term
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Definition
| This bonds to thymine (T) in DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| These molecules are the building blocks for proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; used by cells to store energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| This bonds to guanine (G) in DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A genetic mutation caused by the loss of a piece of a chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| This macromolecule holds an organisms hereditary information. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of identifying the sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The structure (shape) of DNA as first published by James Watson and Francis Crick. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of manipulating the DNA code of living organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sugar make in the proces of photosynthesis, C6H12O6 |
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Term
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Definition
| This bonds to cytosine (C) in DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A macromolecule made of chains of fatty acids, used for long term energy storage. |
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Term
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Definition
| A random error/change in the DNA sequence that can be passed on to offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| This macromolecule holds cell information in a coded form. Contains sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous bases. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repeating structural unit that forms RNA and DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, used by the body for growth and repair. |
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Term
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Definition
| An artificial genetic sequence from combining two other sequences in a plasmid. |
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Term
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Definition
| This sugar is a structural component of RNA, differs slightly from DNA's deoxyribose. |
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Term
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Definition
| A single stranded nucleic acid: involved in protein synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| This bonds to adenine (A) in DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of copying DNA to RNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The second step in protein synthesis where mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide. |
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Term
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Definition
| An error in DNA replication where a piece of DNA is moved to another place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stage of cell division when chromosomes separate to the opposite ends of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The final stage of mitosis where the two daughter cells separate. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism or cell with two sets of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A haploid cell with half the hereditary information from a parent. |
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Term
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Definition
| A segment of DNA on the chromosome that is coded for a particular trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell with only one set of chromosomes, half the normal amount. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process where a parent cell divides into four sex cells with half the chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of cell division that produces two daughter cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first stage of cell division; centrioles move to opposite ends of the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage of cell division where two new nuclear membranes form, the cells start to split. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the first cell of a new individual, formed by the fusion of a sperm and egg at fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternative forms of a gene, like tall and short in Mendel's pea plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| A distinguishing trait, feature, or quality. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that come from the same cell and are genetically identical to each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| All the possible genetic combinations when two genes are considered together. |
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Term
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Definition
| An allele that can mask the recessive allele. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the science of genes, heredity and variation of organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The specific combination of alleles an individual has, eg. TT or Tt |
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Term
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Definition
| Having two different alleles for the same genetic trait, eg. Tt |
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Term
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Definition
| One of a pair of chromosomes that each codes for the same genetic information |
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Term
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Definition
| Having two identical alleles for the same genetic trait, eg. TT or tt |
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Term
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Definition
| All the possible genetic combinations of a single pair of alleles. |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical expression of genes, eg. tall or short |
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Term
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Definition
| The grid diagram that shows the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross. |
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Term
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Definition
| An allele that can be masked by a dominant one. |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific, observable, characteristic that varies from one individual to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A single ancestor spreads out into a new environment and adapts into many different niches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar structures in different organisms because they evolved in a similar environment, no common ancestor. |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual an organism is descended from; his parents' parents' parents' parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| British naturalist who is responsible for originating the theory of evolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tree like diagram that shows evolutionary relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
| The change in the genetic makeup of a population or species over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mineralized remains of plants or animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chronicle of evolution over millions of years preserved in fossils layered in rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| When part of a population of a species becomes separated, they may evolve differently |
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Term
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Definition
| Anatomical features that have the same basic function, and evolved from a common ancestor. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process where the organisms that are better adapted tend to breed more offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria that cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Unwanted or unhealthy materials that are introduced into the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of measuring a radioactive isotope in a sample to determine its age. |
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Term
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Definition
| The evolutionary formation of a new species. |
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Term
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Definition
| The kingdom of multicellular organisms that feed by consuming other organisms; animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| The kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes that tend to live in extreme environments; eg. thermal vents. |
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Term
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Definition
| The naming system Linneaus developed, using the Latin name for the organism's genus and species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Placing an organism in sets of categories based on its characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| A guide to identifying a species using pairs of statements. |
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Term
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Definition
| The kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes that live everywhere except extreme environments. |
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Term
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Definition
| In biological classification, one of the most important ranks; below Order, but above Genus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The kingdom of heterotrophs that obtain energy and nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the classification system, this is a group of organisms with one or more related species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Less highly developed animals that have no backbone or internal skeleton. |
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Term
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Definition
| In (Linnaean) biological taxonomy, this is the highest level of scientific classification of organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Between Family and Class in scientific classification scheme |
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Term
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Definition
| The second highest taxonomic classification, between kingdom and class. |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple eukaryote organisms; they may be single-cellular, colonial or multicellular. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of classification and naming organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| More highly developed animals that have a spinal column surrounding the nerve cord. |
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