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Biology Keystone Flashcards
Biology Glossary Terms
23
Biology
9th Grade
10/18/2012

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Term
Abiotic
Definition

A term that describes a nonliving

 factor in an ecosystem.

Term
Active Transport
Definition
The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration that uses energy provided by ATP or a difference in electrical charges across a cell membrane.
Term

Adenosine Triphosphate

(ATP)

Definition
A molecule that provides energy for cellular reactions and processes.  It releases energy when one of its high-energy bonds is broken to release a phosphate group.
Term
Adhesion
Definition
The intermolecular attraction between unlike molecules.  Capillary action results from this property of water and the molecules that make up plant cells.
Term
Agriculture
Definition
The artificial cultivation of food, fiber, and other goods by the systematic growing and harvesting of various organisms.
Term
Allele
Definition
A variation of a gene's nucleotide sequence (an alternative form of a gene).
Term
Allele Frequency
Definition
The measure of the relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population; expressed as a proportion or percentage.
Term
Analogous Structure
Definition
A Physical structure, present in multiple species, that is similar in function but different in form and inheritance.
Term
Aquatic
Definition
A term that describes an organism associated with a water environment.
Term
Atom
Definition
The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical and physical properties of that element.
Term
Biochemical Conversion
Definition
The changing of organic matter into other chemical forms such as fuels.
Term
Bioenergetics
Definition
The study of energy flow (energy transformations) into and within living systems.
Term
Biogeochemical Cycles
Definition
The movement of abiotic factors between the living and nonliving components within ecosystems; also known as nutrient cycles (i.e., water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, and nitrogen cycle)
Term
Biological Macromolecules
Definition
A group of biomacromolecules that interact with biological systems and their environments.
Term
Biology
Definition
The scientific study of life.
Term
Biome
Definition
A large area or geographical region with distinct plant and animal groups adapted to that environment.
Term
Biosphere
Definition
The zone of life on Earth; sum total of all ecosystems on Earth.
Term
Biotechnology
Definition
Any procedure or methodology that uses biological systems or living organisms to develop or modify either products or processes for specific use.  This term is commonly associated with genetic engineering, which is one of many applications.
Term
Biotic
Definition
A term that describes a living or once-living organism in an ecosystem.
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
A macromolecule that contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio and serves as a major source of energy for living organisms (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose).
Term
Carrier (Transport) Proteins
Definition
Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules into and out of cells; also known as transport proteins.
Term
Catalyst
Definition
A substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a unusally faster rate or under different conditions (e.g., lower temperature) than otherwise possible without being changed by the reaction.
Term
Cell
Definition
The basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms.  They have three common components; genetic material, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane.
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