Term
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Definition
| amount of air that can move out of the lungs in one breath |
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Term
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Definition
| air flowing into and out of the lungs in the respiratory cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| remains in lungs; keeps them inflated; only stops when you die or get the wind knocked out of you |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial cells with membranes at outer surface |
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Term
| thin respiratory membrane |
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Definition
| alveolar epithileum + pulmonary endothelium + membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of a cortex and a medulla; filter water, mineral ions, organic wastes and other substances from the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid that rids the body of water and solutes that are not needed |
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Term
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Definition
| tubular channel between the kidney and the urinary bladder (2) |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular sac that stores urine |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| basic functional unit of the kidney; slender tubules that extend from the kidney cortex down through the medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| blood filtering unit inside the Bowman's capsule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pressure filters blood by forcing water and solutes out of the glomerular capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| solutes and water which move out of the nephron tubules are absorbed into the peritubular capillaries and return to general circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| solutes from the peritubular capillaries are secreted into the nephron |
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Term
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Definition
| water and solutes that were not reabsorbed, or were secreted into the tubule flow into the renal pelvis; eliminated from the body by the urinary tract |
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Term
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Definition
| release water and some solutes (urea) |
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Term
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Definition
| removes salts and heavy metals (lead) form the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| remove carbon dioxide, water and alcohol from the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| products secreted into the bloodstream by endocrine glands; regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and maintenance |
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Term
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Definition
| in forbrain; secretes hormones which are conveyed to the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| at the base of the hypothalamus; anterior and posterior lobe |
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Term
| posterior lobe (of the pituitary gland) |
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Definition
| secretes 2 hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus; antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for reabsorption of water from the nephron |
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Term
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Definition
| females: responsible for labor contractions and milk letdown |
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Term
| anterior lobe (of the pituitary gland) |
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Definition
| produces and secretes its own hormones; FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin and Somatotropin |
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Term
| FSH-follicle stimulating hormone |
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Definition
females: causes follicle to mature
males: stimulates testes to produce sperm |
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Term
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Definition
female: ovulation, formation of corpus luteum
male: testes to produce testosterone |
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Term
| TSH-thyroid stimulating hormone |
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Definition
| stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones |
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Term
| ACTH-adrenocorticotropin hormone |
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Definition
| stimulates cortex of adrenal glands to produce cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for milk production in females |
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Term
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Definition
| males make too much prolactin and lactate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thickening of bone and other tissue because too much somatotropin is produced after you stop growing |
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Term
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Definition
| inner part of the adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Term
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Definition
| increase heart rate; direct more blood to the heart and muscle cells; more oxygen directed to energy demanding cells; "flight or fight response" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| raises blood glucose levels; stress hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| over production of cortisol; accumulation of fluid in tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| located at the base of the trachea; secretes thryoxine; without iodine, blood levels can drop; also produces calcitonin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| low levels of blood in the thyroid; slows metabolism; causes adults to be overweight; dry skinned, confused and depressed |
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Term
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Definition
| blood levels in the thyroid are too high; causes increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, profuse sweating, and weight loss |
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Term
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Definition
| promotes the deposition of calcium into the bones |
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Term
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Definition
| swelling of the thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 glands located on the posterior side of the thyroid |
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Term
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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Definition
| raises blood calcium levels (goes from bones to blood) |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted from endocrine glands in the pancreas; raises blood glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted by endocrine cells in the pancreas; causes glucose uptake by the muscle and adipose cells from the blood; lowers blood glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
| insulin deficiency which causes glucose to accumulate in the blood and then in the urine; urination becomes excessive and body can become dehydrated; without glucose body cells start depleting their own fats and proteins as sources of energy |
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Term
| Type 1 diabetes-juvenile onset diabetes |
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Definition
| lymphocytes destroy insulin secreting cells; insulin shots required |
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Term
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Definition
| cells produce less insulin; usually emerges during middle ages; can often be controlled with diet and taking prescription drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes testosterone; sperm production |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for development of secondary sex characteristics, promotes development of sperm and responsible for sex drive in males |
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Term
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Definition
| produce estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
| produces secondary sex characteristics and maintains pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| maintains the uterine lining for pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| located superior to the heart; large during childhood but absent in adults; thymosine hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| causes the maturation of lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| delays the onset of sexual maturity; regulates biorhythms such as day and night activity cycles |
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Term
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Definition
| coiled tubes; sperm production |
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Term
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Definition
| duct that sperm enters after leaving the testis-become motile |
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Term
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Definition
| tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| tube, anterior to the penis |
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Term
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Definition
| formed when glandular secretions mix with sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes fructose into semen, sperm use as an energy source |
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Term
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Definition
| secretions buffer the pH of the female reproductive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 glands; secretions thought to buffer pH of female reproductive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| cells in testes; undergo mitosis and produce primary spermatocytes-puberty |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2; channel from the ovary to the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| hollow organ in which the embryo can grow and develop |
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Term
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Definition
| inner lining of the uterus wall-where embryo implants |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow portion of the uterus above the vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular tube; extends from the cervix to the surface of the body; receives sperm and is part of the birth canal |
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Term
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Definition
| the primary oocyte and the cell layer around it |
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Term
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Definition
| gets nearly all the cytoplasm; haploid # of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| gets almost none of the cytoplasm |
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