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Biology I final exam
Mitosis, Miosis, Evolution, Protein Synthesis, everything that has to do with Bio I
31
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/03/2010

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Term
What are the basic steps for the Scientific Method? (5)
Definition
1.Observation
2.Question
3.Hypothesis
4.Experiment
5.Accept/Reject
Term
What is oxidation?
Definition
the loss of electrons from one substance.
Term
What is reduction?
Definition
the addition of electrons to another substance
Term
What is a covalent bond?
Definition
the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.
Term
What are valence electrons?
Definition
the outermost electrons on an atom.
Term
An atomic number is the number of ________.
Definition
protons in an atom.
Term
Why is water considered a polar molecule?
Definition
because of the unequal distribution of electrons.
Term
Water molecules stay close together as a result of what kind of bonding?
Definition
hydrogen bonding
Term
Cohesion
Definition
the bonding together of molecules by hydrogen bonds. A property of water.
Term
Adhesion
Definition
the clinging of one substance to another. Property of water.
Term
Polar molecule
Definition
the two ends of the molecule have opposite charges.
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups.
Term
Polypeptides
Definition
polymers of amino acids
Term
A protein consists of one or more _______________.
Definition
polypeptides. Each folded and coiled into a specific 3D structure.
Term
What makes up cell membranes?
Definition
phospholipids.
Term
A phospholipid is similar to a fat molecule, but has only two ________ _________ attached to glycerol rather than three.
Definition
fatty acids
Term
[image]
Definition
Phospholipid -
Term
[image]
Definition
Saturated Fat
Term
Polymer
Definition
a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds.
Term
Monomers
Definition
The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer
Term
Enzymes
Definition
specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells.
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
Essentially the reverse of dehydration. Means to break down using water. Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hydrolysis.
Term
The simplest Carbohydrate (or simple sugar) is called ______________.
Definition
monosaccharide.
Term
A fat is constructed of two kinds of smaller molecules: __________ & ___________.
Definition
glycerol and fatty acids
Term
[image]
Definition
Unsaturated fats - has one or more double bonds, formed by the removal of hydrogen bonds from the carbon skeleton. There is a kink in the hydrocarbon tail where the double bond occurs.
Term
[image]
Definition
Carb / glucose. There is a carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups.
Term
Osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Term
Calvin Cycle
Definition
The 2nd of two major stages of photosynethsis. Involves fixations of CO2 and reduction of a fixed carbon into a carbohydrate.
Term
When did the first multicellular animals appear? (years)
Definition
630 Million years ago
Term
When did the first vertebrates appear? (lampreys/ lancelets)
Definition
550 million years ago
Term
What are the three main periods? Starting as far back up until the time of humans.
Definition
Paleozoic (590), Mesozoic (248), Cenozoic (65 - now)
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