Term
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Definition
| Identical replicated strands of DNA. |
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Term
| How many chromosomes are found in human somatic cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosomes are found in human sperm or ova? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are proteins associated with wrapping and folding the DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| The diploid number of chromosomes in a skunk is 50, how many chromosomes are in skunk sperm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cell has two homologues, has chromosomes found in pairs, is designated by 2n, and is called diploid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cell has one of each pair of homologues and is designated by the n? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are homologous chromosomes similar? |
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Definition
| size, shape, and genetic content |
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Term
| What process creates 4 haploid cells from a diploid cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What processes create new genetic combinations (recombination)? |
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Definition
| crossing over, independent assortment, random fertilization |
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Term
| What process creates sperm cells? |
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Definition
| Meiosis - specifically spermatogenesis |
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Term
| How are spermatogenesis and oogenesis different? |
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Definition
| Spermatogenesis ends with 4 viable haploid sperm while oogenesis ends with 1 viable haploid ovum. |
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Term
| When are homologous chromosomes separated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs during crossing over? |
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Definition
| Homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments of DNA. |
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Term
| When does crossing over occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does crossing over occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What divides unequally in oogenesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to independent assortment, as skunk has 50 chromosomes in its diploid state, how many different variants are in their sperm or egg cells? |
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Definition
| 2n=50, n=25, n2=33,554,432 (3.4 x 107) |
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Term
| What type of mutation involves one or a few nucleotides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are changes in the DNA or gene due to damage or being copied incorrectly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effects can mutations have? |
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Definition
| helpful, neutral, or harmful |
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Term
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Definition
| The loss of an entire chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| The gain of an extra chromosome |
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Term
| What type of mutations affects an organisms's offspring? |
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Definition
| Germ cell or gamete mutations |
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Term
| What happens when nondisjunction occurs? |
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Definition
| A gamete will receive too many or too few homologues of a chromosome |
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Term
| What type of mutations are insertions and deletions considered? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the result of nondisjunction of chromosome 21 (47 chromosomes)? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the amino acid sequence differ between a framshift and substitution mutation? |
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Definition
| A substitution changes one amino acid in the sequence while frameshift changes every amino acid after the mutation. |
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Term
| How do the cells produced in mitosis compare to the cells produced in meiosis? |
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Definition
| Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells and meiosis produces 4 genetically variant haploid cells |
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Term
| How does crossing over affect the genetic variation of gametes? |
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Definition
| The genetic variability increases because alleles are traded between maternal and paternal homologues (chromatids aren't identical) |
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Term
| What two macromolecules make up chromosomes? |
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Definition
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