Term
| Where is energy captured from |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In covalent bonds of organic molecules |
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Term
| What is ATP important for? |
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Definition
| The storage and transfer of energy in the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer or phosphate from ATP catalyzed by enzymes |
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Term
| Where do phosphorylated molecules do work? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Partial breakdown of sugar in absense of oxygen. |
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Term
| What is cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Complete breakdown of a variety of organic molecules in presense of oxygen |
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Term
| What does ATP consist of? |
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Definition
| Carbohydrates, Fats, and proteins |
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Term
| What does Redox reactions do? |
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Definition
| Transfer one molecule to another. |
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Term
| In organic chemistry what do electron usually travel with? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Molecules are broken down to in a serie of steps to effiently... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are electrons associated with? What are they stripped off of? Where are they transferred to? |
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Definition
| Hydrogens. Molecule. Electron acceptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
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Term
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Definition
| Flavin adenine dinucleotide |
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Term
| Where is ATP mostly generated? |
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Definition
| At the end of cellular respiration |
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Term
| What is some ATP generated by? |
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Definition
| Subtrate- level phosphorylation |
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Term
| How many phases does cellular respiration occur in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of pyruvate and conversion to acetyl (CoA) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does not require oxygen and occur in the cytosol? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycolysis breaks down 6-carbon sugars into? |
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Definition
| into 2 seperate 3 carbon sugars. |
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Term
| How many steps does breakdown of Glucose occur in? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many phases does glycolysis occur in? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATP does energy investment use? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATP and NADH does Energy payoff use? |
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Definition
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Term
| How may ATP and NADH does Net energy use? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens if O2 (oxygen) is present in the Citric Acid (Kreb's) cycle? |
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Definition
| Pyruvate is transported into mitochondria for further breakdown |
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Term
| What is pyruvate modified into when Hydrogen enters the mitochondrion? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many steps does the Citric Acid cycle consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are electron carriers transferred to? |
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Definition
| The electron transport chain |
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Term
| Where is the electron chain located? |
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Definition
| On the mitochondrial inner membrane |
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Term
| Electron transport chain generates power to generate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens as electrons pass the electron transport chain? |
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Definition
| Electrons drop energy, and ultimaetly pass through oxygen |
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Term
| Where is ATP synthase found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is phosphofructokinase? |
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Definition
| It is glycolysis. Major Site of regulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which light energy from the sun and CO2 and H2O is used to create sugars and other organic molecules and 02. |
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Term
| Where do all carbon that organisms use come from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| They produce organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic raw materials found in enviroment. |
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Term
| What are photo auto trophs? |
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Definition
| Use energy from the sun to generate organic compounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use energy from inorganic substances to generate organic compounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use energy from inorganic substances to generate organic compounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use energy from inorganic substances to generate organic compounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Live on organic compounds produced by other organisms. |
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Term
| How do heterotrophs get organic compounds? |
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Definition
| From eating plants and/or other animals. Dead materials and/or waste products. |
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Term
| What are the site of photosynthesis in plants and are located in interior plant tissue called mesophyll? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are thylakoids found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Leaves contain an opening called a? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzyme activity is affected by? |
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Definition
| temperature, cofactors, and pH |
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Term
| An amphipathic molecule has a ______ and a _______region? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Harvest energy for generating ATP |
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Term
| What is activation energy? |
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Definition
| The energy that must be put into a chemical reaction to push it over an energy barrier. |
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Term
| Membrane proteins like integrin and transport proteins are called? |
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Definition
| Transmembrane spanning proteins and integral proteins. |
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Term
| The last amino acid in the polypeptide chain has a free? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following model systems best describes the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| As a scientific researcher, yoeu put an animal cell (internal [solute]= 140mM) into a beaker of solution([solute]=200mM). The solution is ___ so the cell________ |
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Definition
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Term
| In a chemical reaction, if the free energy of the products is higher than free energy of the reactants, the reaction is? |
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Definition
| endergonic and requires an input of energy for the reaction to go. |
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Term
| A molecule that binds to the enzyme outside of the active site and slows down or stops enzyme activity is called a(n)? |
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Definition
| Non-competitive and allosteric inhibitor. |
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Term
| Vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum are recieved by the _____ on the _____side. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is not associated with the with the Citric Acid (Kreb's) Cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a large protein were dissolved in water, where would the following amino acids most likely be facing: valine (R=CH(CH3)2 and serine (R=CH2OH)? |
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Definition
| The serine facing the water and the valine on the inside away from the water. |
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Term
| How many molecules of acetyl CoA are produced from 1 molecule of glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Large macromolecules, like glycogen and starch, are transported into the cell by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Integral membrane proteins are made up of? |
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Definition
| Polar/Nonpolar amino acids; and charged amino acids. |
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Term
| Where in the cell does glycolysis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| The transport of water across the membrane is? |
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Definition
| Facilitated diffusion and osmosis |
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Term
| Animal cells are surrounded by? |
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Definition
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Term
| In cellular respiration, electrons are_____ glucose so glucose is being _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following cytoskeleton fibers is made of actin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following steps in cellular respiration does not require oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following substances can NOT be actively transported? |
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Definition
| testosterone (a steriod hormone) |
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Term
| Proteins to be exported from the cell are syntheisized in the? |
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Definition
| rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| Thylakoids are found within which cellular structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the build up of final product slows down or stops the metabolic pathway, it is called? |
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Definition
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