Term
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
mitochondrion
ribosomes
nuclear envelope
chloroplast
ER |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following are in both plant and animal cells?
chloroplast
wall made of cellulose
tonoplast
mitochondrion
centriole |
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Definition
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Term
| Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be: |
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Definition
| to test for the liberation of O2 in the light |
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Term
| ATP generally energizes a cellular process by |
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Definition
| coupling free energy released by ATP hydrolysis to free energy needed by other reactions |
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Term
Which of the following relationships is not correct?
cell wall-support, protection
chloroplast - site of genetic information
ribosome - site of protein synthesis
mitochondrion - site of ATP formation |
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Definition
| chloroplast - site of genetic information |
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Term
| What would increase membrane fluidity? |
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Definition
| a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids |
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Term
7. Which of the following does not require energy?
a. facilitated diffusion
b. the sodium-potassium pump
c. active transport
d. co-transport
e. none of the above
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Definition
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Term
| If an animal cell were placed in a hypertonic solution it would ... |
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Definition
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Term
Which term includes all others in the list?
a. protein
b. nucleic acid
c. macromolecule
d. RNA
e. starch
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Definition
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Term
| What is a nucleotide composed of? |
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Definition
a nitrogen base, a phosphate group and a five-carbon sugar
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Term
Which of the following is (are) true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?
A) They are insoluble in water.
B) Some are important constituents of cell membranes.
C) They contain much more energy than an equivalent weight of polysaccharide.
D) Only A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.
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Definition
- they are insoluble in water
-some are important constituents of cell membranes
-they contain much more energy than an equivalent weight of polysaccharide |
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Term
| The alpha-helix and the beta-pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two functional groups that are always found in amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two types of molecules that are the major structural components of the cell membrane. |
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Definition
| phospholipids and proteins |
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Term
| What does the presence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of some animals enable? |
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Definition
| the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops |
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Term
All of the following processes take material into cells except
A) pinocytosis. B) endocytosis. C) exocytosis. D) active transport. E) carrier-facilitated diffusion.
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Definition
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Term
| The movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Where would you look for membrane bound ribosomes? |
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Definition
| the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane |
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Term
| What is the voltage across cell membranes called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The kinds of molecules that pass through a cell membrane most easily are: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure is responsible for most secretion activities of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of carrier molecules in the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| facilitated diffusion and active transport |
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Term
| In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. What organelle provides with compartmentation? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following characterizes the sodium-potassium pump ?
a. a carrier protein undergoes conformational change
b. potassium ions are pumped into a cell against their gradient
c. the movement of 3 sodium ions costs the cell 1 ATP
d. sodium ions are pumped out of a cell against their gradient
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Definition
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Term
Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables us to track the location of these proteins in a cell. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme that is eventually secreted by pancreatic cells. What is the most likely pathway for movement of this protein in the cell?
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Definition
| ER>Golgi>vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane |
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Term
During respiration, electrons travel “downhill” (energetically) following what pathway?
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Definition
food>NADH>electron transport chain>oxygen
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Term
| The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in : |
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Definition
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Term
| What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common? |
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Definition
ATP is produced
DNA is present
Ribosomes are present |
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Term
| What is the fate of water in photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| to be split, with the release of O2 , electrons and H+ ions |
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Term
| In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules |
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Definition
| to harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction centre chlorophyll |
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Term
Abbe’s relationship is do = 0.6 λ n sin α
what do n, lambda and alpha symbolize?
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Definition
n - refractive index
lambda - wavelength
alpha - aperture angle |
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Term
| Why is the LM better than the EM in some cases? |
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Definition
| because you can observe things while they are still alive with the LM |
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Term
Rank the following in order of size, by using a scale from 1 (smallest)
a. protein molecule
b. human blood cell
c. ribosome
d. amino acid
e. mitochondrion
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Definition
amino acid
protein molecule
ribosome
mitochondrion
human blood cell |
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Term
| Name functions of proteins found in membranes. |
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Definition
| transport, recognition, structure, communication, enzymic |
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Term
The enzyme, phosphofructokinase is __________ by AMP, but is ______________ by ATP
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Definition
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Term
| A positive delta G value indicates that a reaction will proceed with or without an outside input of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| The engulfing of a defective organelle by a vesicle which then fuses with a lysosome is termed ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of amino acids with the following side chain properties |
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Definition
negatively charged - glu
positively charged - arg
nonpolar - trp |
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Term
| The release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic cleft is an example of .... |
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Definition
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Term
| The golgi apparatus receives vesicles from the ER on its cis or trans face? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most abundant enzyme in the peroxisome? |
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Definition
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Term
| The low pH of the lysosome is maintained by a ___ ___ in its membrane. |
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Definition
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