Term
| What are the five steps in the scientific method? |
|
Definition
| Observation / Hypothesis / Prediction / Experiment / Conclusion |
|
|
Term
| List the characteristics shared by all living organisms |
|
Definition
1. Require energy and raw materials (metabolism)
2. Are composed of cells
3. Maintain homeostasis
4. Grow and reproduce
5. Respond to environment
6. Are capable of evolving |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bacteria / Archaea / Eukarya |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.
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|
Term
| List the types of organisms found in each domain and kingdom under Eukarya |
|
Definition
1. Protists (Volvox, Amoeba, Paramecium, algae)
2. Plants
3. Fungi (mushrooms, molds, yeast)
4. Animals |
|
|
Term
| What is the correct order of hierarchy (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, ...)? |
|
Definition
Keep Pots Clean Or Family Gets Sick
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species |
|
|
Term
| Is a virus considered alive |
|
Definition
| No, viruses sit on the fence between life and non-life. |
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Term
|
Definition
Taxonomy is the identification, naming, and classification of species. |
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|
Term
| Who is considered the “Father of Taxonomy?” |
|
Definition
| Carolus Linnaeus (1700’s) - “Father of Modern Taxonomy” |
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|
Term
| What are the rules of writing Genus species? |
|
Definition
1. Names should be in Latin.
2. First name is the Genus, the second name is the species.
3. Genus is Capitalized and species is lowercase.
4. Both names are either italicized or underlined. a. e.g. Canis lupus, or Homo sapien |
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|
Term
| Why use Latin for scientific names? |
|
Definition
| Dead language, therefore it is not subject to change. |
|
|
Term
| What is Ecology the study of? |
|
Definition
Study of how living things interact with each other & with their environment
Eco = house
ology = “study of” |
|
|
Term
| What are the abiotic factors? |
|
Definition
The abiotic component consists of nonliving chemical and physical factors
1. Sunlight
2. Water
3. Temperature
4. Wind
5. Rocks and Soil
6. Periodic Distrubances
|
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of ecology? |
|
Definition
Ecology can be divided into four increasingly comprehensive levels.
1. Organismal ecology
2. Population ecology
3. Community ecology
4. Ecosystem ecology |
|
|
Term
| What are the names and characteristics of the trophic levels? |
|
Definition
1. Primary Producers– plants, algae or autotrophic bacteria
2. Primary Consumers - Herbivores, which eat plants, algae, or autotrophic bacteria.
3. Secondary Consumers include many small mammals, such as rodents, and small fishes that eat zooplankton.
4. Tertiary consumers, such as snakes, eat mice and other secondary consumers.
5.Quaternary Consumers (Apex) include hawks and killer whales
Detritivores, or decomposers derive their energy from the dead material left by all trophic levels and are often left off of most food chain diagrams. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a food chain and a food web? |
|
Definition
A food chain is the sequence of food transfer from trophic level to trophic level.
Food Webs:
The feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
The collection of all the food chains in an ecosystem.
Food webs are dynamic and change over time, depending on the time of year, types of species that are around, and the size, age or sex of the predator. |
|
|
Term
| What are the different feeding types? |
|
Definition
| Herbivore / Carnivore / Omnivore |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass
Matter is found on the Earth in three physical states
(a.) solid
(b.) liquid
(c.) gas
Matter is composed of chemical elements
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into other substances
The are 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth
Each element consists of one kind of atom
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compounds are substances that contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio
Example: NaC1 (salt) |
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of an atom? |
|
Definition
Atoms are composed of subatomic particles -
(a.) A proton is positively charged.
(b.) An electron is negatively charged.
(c.) A neutron is electrically neutral. |
|
|
Term
| How do atoms bond with other atoms? |
|
Definition
Ionic Bonds:
(a.) When an atom loses or gains electrons, it becomes electrically charged.
(b.) Charged atoms are called ions.
(c.) IONIC BONDS are formed between oppositely charged ions.
Covalent Bonds:
(a.) A covalent bond forms when two atoms SHARE one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons.
Hydrogen Bonds:
(a.) Studied in isolation, the water molecule is deceptively simple, its two hydrogen atoms are joined to one oxygen atom by single COVALENT bonds.
(b.) But the electrons of the covalent bonds are not shared equally between oxygen and hydrogen, this unequal sharing makes water a POLAR molecule.
(c.) The polarity of water results in weak electrical attractions between neighboring water molecules, these interactions are called hydrogen bonds. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Biotic Factors includes the living factors - plants, animals etc. |
|
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Term
| What are the general differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? |
|
Definition
Prokaryotic cells are:
Smaller the eukaryotic cells
Lack internal structures surrounded by membranes
Do not have a nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What are at least three major differences between plant and animal cells? |
|
Definition
Plant cells do not have a CENTRIOLE
Animal cells do not have CHLOROPLAST
Animal cells do not have a CELL WALL
Animal cells generally do not have VACUOLE |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a mitochondrion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a chloroplast? |
|
Definition
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to chemical energy
Makes glucose |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a lysosome? |
|
Definition
A lysosome is a membrane-enclosed sac
It contains digestive enzymes
The enzymes break down macromolecules |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a nucleus? |
|
Definition
The nucleus is the manager of the cell
Genes in the nucleus store information necessary to produce proteins |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a cell membrane? |
|
Definition
| Cell membranes control the movement of material into and out of the cell. |
|
|
Term
| What is a cell membrane composed of? |
|
Definition
The membranes of cells are composed of:
Lipids and Proteins |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Rough ER? |
|
Definition
| Modifies proteins that will be shipped elsewhere in the organism. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a Ribosome? |
|
Definition
Make proteins
Protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the nucleolus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Flagella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzymes are molecules (proteins) that speed up chemical reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The energy currency of cells. |
|
|
Term
| If multiple atoms are joined together they form a ...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order of life from Micro to Macro? |
|
Definition
Atom
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem |
|
|
Term
| Fat is a type of carbohydrate (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the building block of a lipid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the building block of a protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the building blocks of a carbohydrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate (T/F) |
|
Definition
True
It is a polymer
A polysaccharide |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of your body is made up of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If two atoms are sharing an electron they're forming a - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bond is the strongest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bond is the weakest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This property of water molecule accounts for its ability to be a good solvent and regulate temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The powerhouse of the cell is the - |
|
Definition
Mitochondria
Makes energy in the form of ATP |
|
|
Term
| The process by which our cells make energy in the form of ATP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up a cell membrane? |
|
Definition
| Proteins and phospholipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can glucose pass through the phospholipid membrane without the help of a transport protein? |
|
Definition
No it is too big
Needs to use a transport protein
Known as facilitated transport |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Golgi Apperatus |
|
Definition
| Processes and packages proteins, lipids and other molecules for export to other parts of the organism |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Smooth ER |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is messenger RNA made? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This cell is in what phase?
[image]
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This cell is in what phase?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This cell is in what phase?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This cell is in what phase?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This cell is in what phase?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants bring in CO2 through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do plants bring in through roots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All cells use ATP for energy (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell reproduction or cell division |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes are found in a human sperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we call a cell that has only half the genetic information? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's another term for a sex cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes does a normal human cell have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the difference between RNA and DNA? |
|
Definition
DNA is double stranded (double helix)
RNA is single stranded |
|
|
Term
| What are the four letters for DNA and which ones match up? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four nucleotides for RNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who came up with the theory of evolution and natural selection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is considered the father of genetics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three BASICS of natural selection? |
|
Definition
VIC
Variation
Inheritance
Competition |
|
|
Term
| What are the five EVIDENCES of evolution |
|
Definition
F C C B M
Fresno City College Biology Masters
Fossil Record
Comparitive Anatomy
Comparitive Embryology
Biogeography
Molecular Biology |
|
|
Term
| What are the three OUTCOMES of natural selection? |
|
Definition
Directional (peppered moths, white or brown mice)
Diversifying (big and small salmon reproduce
Stabilizing (human birth weight) |
|
|
Term
| Can an individual organism evolve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the smallest thing that can evolve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bottleneck effect is an example of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four causes of microevolution? |
|
Definition
Gene flow
Genetic Drift
Mutations
Natural Selection |
|
|
Term
| Peppered moths are an example of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A species is a group of organisms that ... ? |
|
Definition
| Can breed with each other |
|
|
Term
| What are two post-zygotic barriers? |
|
Definition
Hybrid sterility
Hybrid inviability |
|
|
Term
| What are the five pre-zygotic barriers? |
|
Definition
Habitat
Temporal
Behavioral
Gametic
Mechanical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genetic exchange with another population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Changes in an organism's DNA |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The energy of moving objects (motion) |
|
|
Term
| What is potential energy? |
|
Definition
| Potential energy is stored energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organisms genetic makeup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism's physical traits |
|
|
Term
| What is significant about Darwin's finches? |
|
Definition
| Darwin's finches are an excellent example of natural selection and adaptive evolution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The division of one species into two or more. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Preserved remnants or impressions left by organisms that lived in the past. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the geographic distribution of species. |
|
|
Term
| What is comparative anatomy? |
|
Definition
| The comparison of body structure between different species. |
|
|
Term
| What are homologous structures? |
|
Definition
The similarity in structures due to common ancestry.
Whale, bat, human and cat are homologous
Bird and Dragonfly are not |
|
|
Term
| What is comparative embryology? |
|
Definition
| The comparison of structures that appear during the development of different organisms. |
|
|
Term
| What is molecular biology |
|
Definition
| Evolutionary relationships among species |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of DIFFERENCE is there between human and chimp DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the ship Darwin embarked on when he left Great Britain to explore the world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Darwin's job on the H.M.S. Beagle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individuals in a population that vary in morphology, behavior, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some variations are heritable, parents pass them off to their offspring. |
|
|
Term
| What can result from COMPETITION in natural selection? |
|
Definition
| The reproductive capacity of organisms exceeds the food supply, creating competition for resources. |
|
|
Term
| What is a monohybrid cross? |
|
Definition
A monohybrid cross is a cross between individuals that differ in only one characteristic.
purple flowers / white flowers |
|
|
Term
| What is a Dihybrid Cross? |
|
Definition
Individuals that differ in TWO characteristics
seed color / seed shape |
|
|
Term
| What are the four simple building blocks of a cell? |
|
Definition
1. Sugars
2. Amino Acids
3. Nucleotides
4. Lipids |
|
|
Term
| What are the big four elements most abundant in life? |
|
Definition
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A strong bond formed when atoms share electrons in order to become more stable, forming a molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An attraction betweeen two oppositely charged ions, forming a compound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An attraction between the slightly positively charged hydrogen atom of one molecule and the slightly negatively charged atom of another. |
|
|
Term
| Charged atoms are called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Smooth ER |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glucose and fructose are Monosaccharides (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lactose and sucrose are dissacharides (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cellulose and Starch are monosaccharides (T/F) |
|
Definition
False
They are Polysaccharides |
|
|
Term
| Fat, and cholesterol are examples of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lactase and enzymes are examples of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA and RNA are examples of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sugars and starches are examples of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the six phases in a cell cycle |
|
Definition
I polished my apple today cytokinesis
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis |
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