Term
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Definition
| Found out the genetic material of bacteriophage was DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is a transforming factor; DNA stores information |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat-killed cells can make live cells disease-causing; bacteria can be transformed |
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Term
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Definition
| Discovered the structure of DNA was a double-helix |
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Term
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Definition
| Found out that relative amounts of Adenine and Thymine are the same in DNA; Cytosine and Guanine as well |
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Term
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Definition
| Used X-Ray crystalography to find out structure of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Showed that nitrogen bases matched semi-conservative models (replicated simultaneously) |
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Term
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Definition
| Believed that DNA was in the shape of a triple helix |
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Term
| What is the shape of the DNA ladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the sides of the DNA ladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the rungs of the DNA ladder? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two bases that are Purines? |
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Definition
| Adenine and Thymine (double ringed) |
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Term
| What are the two bases that are Pyridimines? |
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Definition
| Thymine and Cytosine (single ringed) |
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Term
| What bases pair together? |
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Definition
Adenine----Thymine (double H bound)
Guanine----Cytosine (triple H bound) |
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Term
| What type of bond holds base pairs together? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three molecules make up a nucleotide? |
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Definition
| Sugar, phosphate, and one nitrogen base |
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Term
| What protein structure is DNA tightly wound around? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme opens up the helix during replication? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does replication occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the fragments of DNA called that copy on the lagging strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does one strand copy continuously and the other does not? |
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Definition
| Helicase can only copy one strand at a time |
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Term
| Why is it necessary for DNA to copy itself? |
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Definition
| So it can grow and repair body cells |
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Term
| What does semi-conservative mean (in replication)? |
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Definition
| One old (parent) and one new (daughter) |
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Term
| In what direction does replication occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of DNA polymerase? |
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Definition
| Bonds base pairs together |
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Term
| What is the role of ligase? |
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Definition
| Bonds sides of the ladder |
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Term
| Who discovered the DNA structure? In what year? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does Transcription occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is made during Transcription? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three differences between DNA and RNA? |
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Definition
RNA-ribose is sugar, single stranded, Uracil
DNA-deoxyribose is sugar, double stranded, Thymine |
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Term
| Where does Translation occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What molecule brings the amino acids to the ribosome during Translation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the bond between two amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a long chain of amino acids make up? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of proteins in your body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mutation in which a base is changed or substituted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mutation in which a base is deleted or added? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a silent mutation? |
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Definition
| Codes for the same amino acid |
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Term
| What events occur to turn the lac operon on? |
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Definition
| Lactose must be present; allows transcription to occur |
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Term
| What events occur to turn the lac operon off? |
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Definition
| Repressor protein binds with operator to prevent transcription |
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Term
| How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA differ? |
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Definition
Pro-plasmid, no nucleus
Euk-linear, nucleus |
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Term
| What is the role of a hox gene? |
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Definition
| Controls the differentation of cells and tissues in the embryo |
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Term
| What segments get cut out in RNA editing? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Codes for proteins; is the blueprint for life |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA tightly wound around histones; supercoil and become thick fiber of chromosomes; play role in gene regulation (turning on and off genes) |
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Term
| What direction do the sides of the DNA ladder run? |
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Definition
| Opposite directions called anti-parallel; important when copying DNA; run in 5'-3' direction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the steps of DNA replication? |
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Definition
1.) Helicase breaks down hydrogen bonds between base pairs (rate of 8,000 rpm); DNA unzips at Replication Fork
2.) RNA primer-template to begin replication
3.) Free floating nucleotides pair up with lone nucleotides in a 5'-3' direction
4.)Base pairs bonded together by DNA polymerase
5.) Side of ladder is bonded by ligase |
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Term
| What are the three types of RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Messenger; transcribes DNA--message to ribosome; in nucleus; triplets called codons (code for amino acids) |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer; takes code from mRNA and translates it into an amino acid; triplets called anticodons |
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Term
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Definition
| Ribosomal; makes up structure of ribosome along with proteins |
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Term
| What are the two types of protein synthesis? |
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Definition
| Transcription and Translation |
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Term
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Definition
| Making mRNA from DNA; occurs in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs at ribosome; mRNA--tRNA--Amino Acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes that occur in the nitrogen bases of DNA molecules |
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Term
| What are the two types of Frameshift Mutation? |
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Definition
| Insertion-add base; Deletion-take out base |
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Term
| What does a Lac Operon contain? |
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Definition
1.) A promoter
2.) An operator
3.) Three genes |
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Term
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Definition
| Sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein |
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Term
| What are the base pairing rules for DNA? mRNA? tRNA? |
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Definition
| A--T G--C; U--T G--C; U--T G--C |
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