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| The compound cannot dissolve in water (fats, oils) |
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| The compound is able to dissolve in water (salt, sugar) |
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| A substance that releases protons (H+) in water |
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Substance that releases hydroxide ions
(OH-) in water |
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Catabolism seen in metabolism (sum of reactions)
Decomposition (breaking something down) |
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Anabolism seen in metabolism
Synthesis (building something) |
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A change in the shape of a protein, usually causing loss of function
Caused by changes in proteins environment (pH or temperature) |
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Molecules that catalyze reactions in living cells
Most are proteins |
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| Archae and Bacteria made up of these, type of cell that does not have a nucleus, before nucleus |
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| Domain Eukarya made up of these, cells with nucleus (Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) |
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| Movement of molecules from high to low concentration (down the concentration gradient) |
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| Passive transport of water accross a membrane |
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| Are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis (plants) |
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| Live on organic compound produced by other organisms |
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Adenisine Tri-Phosphate
The molecule that transfers energy (energy from exergonic reactions in cells that is used to fuel endergonic reactions)
Lots of potential energy in phosphate bonds because it takes a lot to hold them together so when they're broken down lots of energy is released |
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| Occurs in cellular respiration, at the end of the ETC an electron is given to an Oxygen, uses Oxygen |
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| Respiration without th euse of Oxygen, uses inorganic materials (other than Oxygen) as the final electron acceptor |
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Enzyme that "fixes" CO2 from the air for the Calvin cycle
Most abundant enzyme in the world |
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| Mitosis, Daughter cells are identical copies of mother cell (clones), Occurs in all organisms |
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| Meiosis, Daughter cells are not identical copies of mother cell, only in Eukaryotes |
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| Two sets of chromosomes (in a cell), 2n |
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| One set of chromosomes (in a cell) |
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| The genetic makeup of the plant, its alleles (ex. Rr) |
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| What you see in the plant, its traits, ex. Purple in flower color |
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| Same allele, either homozygous dominant (RR) or homozygous recessive (rr) |
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| Different allele (ex. Rr) |
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| Essential for a population to survive |
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| Complementary (A with T, G with C), Anti-parallel (runs from 5' to 3'- read and synthesized only in that direction) |
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| Ribonucleic acid, single stranded, transfers info from DNA to protein-synthesizing systems to create proteins |
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| Polymerase Chain Reaction |
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| Biotechnology, allows researchers to make billions of copies of a specific DNA sequence or gene in just a few hours |
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| Naturally found in bacteria, they destroy foreign DNA molecules that invade the bacterial cell, they cleave the foreign DNA molecules at specific sites |
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| A vector that can transfer a gene from one organism to another, small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria that is used to pass on beneficial genes |
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| Seperates DNA fragments that have been digested by a restriction enzyme based on their size |
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| An organism that has had genes from another organism put into its genome through recombinant DNA techniques (ecoli that glows because it has had jelly fish DNA combined with its DNA) |
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| Accumulation of favorable traits in a population over time making it better suited for its environment, changes in response to environment |
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| Individuals with heritable traits that are best suited for their environment causing them to be more likely to survive and reproduce, what organism works the best within the environment |
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| Descent with modification |
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| A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time, could grow exponentially but are limited by environmental resources |
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| Lacking one or more essential elements (at least 2 billion people are malnourished) |
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| Almost half of the world's population are living in poverty |
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| The variety within and among living species |
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| Once removed from an ecosystem they cause a cascade of changes/affects on the ecosystem |
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| Wind, solar, moving water, plant and animal biomass (ethanol, biodiesel, methane reuse) |
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| The maximum number of individuals that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment |
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