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Biology Final Spring
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5
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/09/2012

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Term
What are the functions of the urinary system?
Definition

filters the blood - removes nitrogenous wastes, regulates pH of blood and osmoregulates (salt and water balance), removes toxic wastes and drugs

produces urine - urine contains wastes, toxins, drugs, ions and excess water 

Term
What are the structures involved in the urinary system and their basic functions?
Definition
Kidneys - filters the blood and produces urine
Ureters - transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Urinary Bladder - stores urine
Urethra - transports urine from the bladder out of the body 
Term
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Definition

millions of nephrons
nephron being a tube lined with simple squamous epithelial tissue surrounded by capillary beds

involved in:

1. filtration 2. tubular reabsorbtion 3. tubular secretion 4. excretion of urine  

Term
What is the structure of a nephron and the four main processes involved in its functioning? 
Definition

a nephron is a tube lined with simple squamous epithelial tissue and surrounded by capillary beds

 

1. filtration - blood is filtered
2. tubular reabsorbtion - substances that are useful are saved back into blood

3. tubular secretion - substances that are harmful or in excess are secreted into the tube forming urine

4. excretion of urine  

Term
What is the composition of urine?
Definition

it is clear and yellow due to urochrome (from hemoglobin breakdown)

composed of ions such as Na+, K+ and bicarbonate 
N compounds such as Urea, Uric Acid and Ammonia

Creatine from creatine phosphate metabolism in muscles
excess water 

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