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Biology FInal Biochemistry
vocab and definitions for bio final
97
Biology
10th Grade
06/07/2010

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Term
Observation
Definition
first step to scientific method / taking in information using five senses
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
second step in scientific method / an educated guess or testable explanation
Term
Control group
Definition
a factor that does not change, used for comparison
Term
Experimental group
Definition
part of the experiment that contains the independent variable
Term
Independent variable
Definition
something that is deliberately changed during an experiment
Term
Dependent variable
Definition
the results of an experiment
Term
Theory
Definition
time tested concept that holds true
Term
Inference
Definition
not based on direct observations, but prior knowledge
Term
Multicellular
Definition
different cells do different jobs, many celled organism
Term
Sexual reproduction
Definition
requires two individuals, exchange of genetic material, and offspring is unique
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
keeping the internal environment the same / stable internal environment
Term
Gene
Definition
piece of DNA
Term
Asexual reproduction
Definition
only requires one individual and offspring is identical to parent
Term
Eyepiece
Definition
contains ocular lens / magnifies 10x
Term
Base
Definition
used for support
Term
Metabolism
Definition
sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in your body
Term
Fine adjustment knob (Fine focus)
Definition
focus in small amounts
Term
Stage clips
Definition
holds slide in place
Term
DNA
Definition
hereditary information in cells
Term
unicellular
Definition
one cell completes all tasks
Term
Natural selection
Definition
process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater number than others of their kind
Term
anabolism
Definition
process by which two small molecules combine to make a large  molecule and requires energy
Term
Catabolism
Definition
reaction in which a large molecule is broken into two smaller molecules and energy is released
Term
Evolve
Definition
to develop by a process of evolution to a different adaptive state or condition
Term
Cell
Definition
connection of living material surrounded by a barrier
Term
Differentiation
Definition
cells are specialized to do certain jobs
Term
Ecosystems
Definition
 system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment
Term
Evolution
Definition
change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
the synthesis of complex organic materials, esp. carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts, using sunlight as the source of energy and with the aid of chlorophyll and associated pigments
Term
Nosepiece
Definition
rotates the three lenses
Term
Objective Lens
Definition
4x, 10x, 40x magnification
Term
Arm
Definition
used for support
Term
Condenser
Definition
Diaphragm, controls amount of light
Term
Micrometer
Definition
too large of a unit to measure microscopic organisms (UM)
Term
Matter
Definition
anything that has mass and takes up space
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
bond formed when atoms gain and lose electrons
Term
Double Bond
Definition
two bonds holding two atoms together
Term
Polar
Definition
areas where the molecule is more positive or negative
Term
Cohesion
Definition
attraction of water with water
Term
Heat
Definition
a measure of how fast molecules move
Term
Solute
Definition
substance being dissolved
Term
Base
Definition
any substance that when added to water produces more OH- ions
Term
Chemical reactions
Definition
when two elements are fused together creating another substance
Term
Organic Compounds
Definition
living organism and contains carbon
Term
Element
Definition
pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpliar substance by normal chemical means
Term
Mass Number (Atomic Mass)
Definition
neutrons + protons
Term
Covalent bonds
Definition
bonding that results when atoms share electrons
Term
electronegativity
Definition
attraction for electrons
Term
Adhesion
Definition
attraction between water and another substance
Term
Temperature
Definition
average speed of molecules
Term
Aqueous solution
Definition
not solid or liquid
Term
pH scale
Definition
scale used to measure the number of H+ ions and OH- ions
Term
Hydrocarbons
Definition
compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
Term
Compound
Definition
two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed proportion
Term
Atomic number
Definition
Atomic mass - neutrons
Term
Ion
Definition
charged particle
Term
Molecule
Definition
2 or more atoms that are covalently bonded
Term
Nonpolar
Definition
no attraction to electrons
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
bonds between water molecules
Term
Surface tension
Definition
caused by asymmetries in the intermolecular forces between surface molecules
Term
Solvent
Definition
what is dissolving the solute
Term
  1. Acid
Definition
any substance that when added to water produces more H+ ions
Term
Acid Precipitation
Definition
sulfuric acid and nutric acid from burning fossil fuels
Term
Carbon Skeleton
Definition
chain of carbon atoms
Term
Polymerization
Definition
process by which small molecules combine to form a large molecule
Term
Monomers
Definition
small molecules
Term
Polymer
Definition
large molecule
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
  • sugars and starches
  • important energy source (immediate or stored)
  • contains C, H, O (H and O 2:1)
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
simplest carbohydrate (one sugar)
Term
Glycogen
Definition
animal starch, how animals store excess carbohydrates
Term
Cellulose
Definition
gives the plant its structure and rigidity / found in cell wall
Term
Carbonyl Group
Definition
C = O
Term
Functional Group
Definition
action takes place in area or molecule that is actice or reactive
Term
Isomer
Definition
2 compounds with the same chemical formula but a different structure / different properties
Term
Dehydration Synthesis
Definition
process by which two monomers are combined with the removal of water
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
process by which a disaccharide is broken into two monosaccharides with addition of water
Term
Protein
Definition
  • made up skin, muscle, hair, fingernails
  • act as antibodies
  • found in cell membrane
  • act as hormone
  • enzymes
  • C, H, N, O
Term
Antibodies
Definition
proteins made specifically to attack anything that is foriegn
Term
Cell Membrane (protein)
Definition
pump molecules in and our of  cells
Term
Hormones (protein)
Definition
send chemical messages
Term
Enzymes
Definition
acts as a catalyst to speed up reaction
Term
Amino Acid
Definition
monomer of protein
Term
Peptide bond
Definition
linking two amino acids together
Term
Denature
Definition
change shape of enzyme so it does not work
Term
Lipids
Definition
  • fats and oils
  • contain C, H, O (H and O greater than 2:1)
  • nonpolar
  • store energy
  • form cell membranes
  • insulates body
  • steroids
  • cushions organs
Term

Glycerol and three fatty acids

(Triglyceride)

Definition
monomer of lipid
Term
Saturated
Definition

contains maximum number of hydrogens, only single bonds, solid at room temp, derived from animals

(Unhealthy)

Term
Unsaturated
Definition

does not hold maximum number of hydrogen, could have double bonds, liquid at room temp, derived from plants

(Healthier)

Term
Cholesterol
Definition
waxy substance that makes hormones, bile acids, and used for energy
Term
LDL
Definition
  • Low Density Lipid Protein
  • BAD = clogs arteries, form plaque in arteries
Term
HDL
Definition
  • High Density Lipid Protein
  • GOOD = removes LDL
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
  • C, H, O, N, P
  • stores genetic info for the cell
  • use of 4 compounds to store the hereditary info
Term
RNA
Definition
involved in making protein
Term
Nucleotide
Definition
monomer of nucleic acid
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