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| what an animal does as it interacts with its environment |
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| explanation of an organism's behavior based on its immediate interactions with the environment. |
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| explanation of an organism's behavior based on its evolutionary adaptations. |
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| a behavior that is performed correctly by all individuals of a specias, even if they have no previous experience with the behavior. Ex. the appropriate type of sandy nesting site must be available to trigger the wasp's behavior. Genetics and envoronmental factors (nutrition) contributed to the development of the insect's nervous and muscular systems that enable it to perform the behavior. |
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| an innate behavior that occurs as an unchangeable sequence of actions. |
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| are usually controlled by an organism's internal "biological clock" NB: Light and Dark set the organism's clock to an exact 24 hour cycle. |
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| a change in an animals behavior resulting from experience. |
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| simple form of learning, in which animal learns not to respond to a repeated stimulus that conveys little or no important information. Ex. the ticking of a clock; you hear it, but stop paying attention to it. |
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| learning that is limited to a specific time period in an animal's life and that is usually irreversible. Ex. One result of imprinting is bond between parent and child. |
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| learning that a particular stimulus or a particular response is linked to a reward or punishment. Ex. Cat may associate the sound of a can opener with mealtime. Dog associates hand signal with command to sit. |
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| conducted famous experiment on conditioning in which he rained a dog to salivate at the sound of a bell. |
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| in nature, a more common form of conditioning: trial and error. Ex. Animal learns to associate one of its own behavioral acts with a positive or negative effect. |
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| the ability to respond appropriately to a new situation without the previous experience. Ex. Octypus opens jar to get food, or Chimpanzee stacked up boxes to get food. |
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| actual physical struggles or threatening behaviors between animals. |
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| aggressive behaviors within a group of animals often result in a ranking of individuals. |
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| an area that individuals devend and from which other members of the same species are usually excluded. |
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| in some species, animals perform elaborate behaviors before mating. Ex. fanning of tail feathers by male peacock indicates his health. Females are attracted to healthy mates to have offspring. |
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| a form of signaling. Ex. sounds odors, visual displays and touches |
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| way in which individuals work together that is beneficial to the group. Ex. Honeybees, wolves work together to capture large prey. |
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