Term
| What is a scientific theory? |
|
Definition
| Multiple facts about the natural world that has explanatory power |
|
|
Term
| What are the steps of the scientific method? |
|
Definition
| Observation, question, hypothesis, exp, conclusion |
|
|
Term
| How did Pasteur help to abolish the belief of spontaneous generation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the theory of homonucleus? |
|
Definition
Sperm have preformed individuals in it
Men are source of reproduction |
|
|
Term
| What are the limitations of science? (Can science prove the existence of a supernatural power?) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of living things? |
|
Definition
| Reproduce, organize, DNA, respond to environment, made of cells, assimilate energy, evolve from other living things, homeostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the level of organization of living things? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reason as to why chimpanzee testicles are larger in size than human or ape testicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two theories between penile selection size in primates? (one involves male choice; one female choice) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protons give an element its _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electrons give an element its __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of atomic number |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of chemical bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the chemical bonds' relative strengths? |
|
Definition
| Covalent > Ionic > Hydrogen |
|
|
Term
| Electrons seek to fill their _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of Polar Covalent Bond |
|
Definition
| A covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally, giving the bond some ionic character |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Non-Polar Covalent Bond |
|
Definition
| A covalent bond where the electrons are shared equally between the two atoms. |
|
|
Term
| What type of bonding between water molecules allows water to be pulled from a plant's roots all the way up to its leaves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is water a polar or a non-polar covalent bond? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of hydrophilic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of hydrophobic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pH scale is based on the concentration of _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A solution that has a pH of 4 is ________ times more ____________ than a solution with a pH of of 8 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Absorb Hydrogens – Maintains pH |
|
|
Term
| How do buffers help with pH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of organic chemistry |
|
Definition
| The study of compounds that have carbon as their central element |
|
|
Term
| What are the different functional groups? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbon has a valence of ___ so that it can share four electrons in a covalent bond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The building blocks of all carbohydrates are ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most abundant monosaccharide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the defining characteristic of all lipids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are testosterone and estrogen considered lipids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phospholipids are important components of the _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why must abusers of testosterone (steroids) keep an eye on their estrogen levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone produced by fat cells tells the brain the nutritional state of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two ways a person may be genetically predisposed to being heavy? MC4R - Ovulating and menstruation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins are composed of what type of monomer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Would you rather eat foods high in HDL or LDL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _DL carries cholesterol to tissues such as the coronary arteries of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _DL takes cholesterol away from outlying tissues for safe storage and processing in the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do glycoproteins play an important role in fertilization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the zona pellucida? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What role do MHC proteins play in the human body? |
|
Definition
| in activating specific types of T cells during an important immune process called antigen presentation. |
|
|
Term
| How are MHC proteins implicated in mate selection? |
|
Definition
| contains extremely high levels of gene density and diversity; genetic variation within this region plays a vital role in susceptibility to autoimmune, infectious, and other diseases. |
|
|
Term
| What can interfere with mate selection based on MHC heterogeneity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the DNA complement of AGGACTTAG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mRNA complement of AGGACTTAG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The building blocks of DNA and RNA are _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the nucleotides? |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Guanine, Cyotsine, Thymine (DNA), and Uracil (RNA) |
|
|
Term
| Nucleid acid DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is composed of ___________ that contain a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen-containing bases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purines (GA) vs. Pyrimidines (CT) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the path of protein production in the cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the organelles in an animal cell? |
|
Definition
(eukaryotic)
Nucleus
nucleolus
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum--rough and smooth
vacuole
vesicle
ribosomes
Golgi complex
centriole
lysosomes
cytoskeleton
cell membrane |
|
|
Term
| What are some key differences between plant cells and animal cells? |
|
Definition
Plants cells have a cell wall over the cell membrane,whereas,animals cells lack cell wall.
In plant cells, there is a single large vacuole present in the middle, whereas, in animals cell,there are more than one vacuoles.
Plant cells possess plastids, but, animal cells don't.
Animal cells have centrioles, whereas, plant cells don't.
Plant cells are more square shaped, animal cells are more round
Plant cells have chlorophyll for Photosynthesis (make their own food), and animal cells don't |
|
|
Term
| What is the limiting factor in the size of cells? |
|
Definition
| The ratio of surface area to volume limits a cell's size. |
|
|
Term
| How do cells communicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of gap junctions |
|
Definition
| A gap junction or nexus is a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of animal cell-types. It directly connects the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows various molecules and ions to pass freely between cells. |
|
|
Term
| Definition of plasmodesmata |
|
Definition
| A narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them |
|
|
Term
| Which endosymbiotic event occurred first; chloroplast invasion or mitochondrial invasion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might antibiotics affect mitochondria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four principal components of an animal cell plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
| 1. Phospholipids 2. Glycoproteins 3. Carbohydrates 4. Cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| What is the general role of phospholipid bilayer? |
|
Definition
| This structured complex shields the cell from any surrounding harm while also maintaining a steady fluctuation of nutrients and water into, and out of, the cell. |
|
|
Term
| What is the general role of cholesterol? |
|
Definition
| regulates membrane fluidity. It is also involved in the formation and function of "lipid rafts" in the cell membrane. |
|
|
Term
| What is the general role of proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the general role of glycocalyx? |
|
Definition
| modulating red blood cell filling in capillaries |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of phospholipids and the bilayer? |
|
Definition
| It has a round head-like structure and a tail-like structure. The heads are hydrophilic meaning they "like water" whereas the tails are made of fatty acids which are hydrophobic meaning they repel water. This allows the cell membrane to be semi-permeable, only allowing certain things in and out. There are also different proteins embedded in the membrane which serve different functions. |
|
|
Term
| How do hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances interact with the bilayer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration |
|
|
Term
| Definition of concentration gradient |
|
Definition
| An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of ions across their membranes. ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane |
|
|
Term
| Different types of transport through the plasma membrane |
|
Definition
| Active, passive, facilitated |
|
|
Term
| How is the cell able to move big material in and out of the cell? |
|
Definition
| Phagocytosis, endocytosis, exocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic disease that affects organs such as the liver, lungs, pancreas, and intestines. It disrupts the body's salt balance, leaving too little salt and water on the outside of cells and causing the thin layer of mucus that usually keeps the lungs free of germs to become thick and sticky. |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of cyctic fibrosis? |
|
Definition
| a mutation in a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which serves an important function in creating sweat, mucus, and digestive juices. Only one copy of this gene is needed to prevent cystic fibrosis, and most people have two copies. However, if a person lacks at least one unaltered version of this gene that can produce a CFTR protein, cystic fibrosis will result. |
|
|
Term
| How does cyctic fibrosis affect the reproductive fitness of men? |
|
Definition
| causing infertility in nearly all men and some women who have the disease. Men with cystic fibrosis may become infertile because the tubules, called the vas deferens, that transport sperm from the testes are absent or undeveloped. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of a motile cell or organism, or part of one, in a direction corresponding to a gradient of increasing or decreasing concentration of a particular substance |
|
|
Term
| Function of mitochondrion |
|
Definition
| production of energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The cell uses this energy to perform the specific work necessary for cell survival and function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control center or brain of the cell. It stores all of the genetic information of the organism, and also controls all other cell activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used by the cells, in RNA translation, for protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Function of golgi complex |
|
Definition
it secretes substances from the cell. substances synthesized by the endo plasmic reticulum are stored, packaged and secreted from the cell by Golgi bodies
forms lysosomes |
|
|
Term
| Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum |
|
Definition
| network of tubules and flattened sacs that serve a variety of functions in the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
food making structure in green color because of chlorophyll site of photosynthesis Chloroplasts contain CHLOROPHYLL molecules which absorb the sun's energy and convert it to chemical energy which can be used to fuel chemical reactions in the cell.
And they help plants live |
|
|
Term
| Function of Plasma Membrane |
|
Definition
| surrounds the outside of both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells. It is made up of a double layer of phospholipids and controls the movement of various substances into and out of the cell, both passively and actively. It also allows cell identification. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell shape, motility (movement) of the cell as a whole, and motility of organelles within a cell. |
|
|
Term
| Formula for Photosynthesis |
|
Definition
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen |
|
|
