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Biology Exam 3
Cell cycle, mitosis and myosis, cell division, etc.
96
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/05/2012

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Term
You see a cell plate forming in the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of it. This is a __________ cell in the process of _____________
Definition
Plant
Cytokinesis
Term
A drug that interferes with the assembly of microtubules does what?
Definition
Disrupts the mitotic spindle formation
Term
What is the difference between cancer cells and normal cells
Definition
Cancer cells continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together.
Term
The decline of MPF at the end of mitosis is due to
Definition
the degradation of cyclin
Term
When Mitosis occurs with no cytokinesis it results in
Definition
A cell with more than 1 nucleus
Term
Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?
Condensation of the chromosomes, Replication of the DNA, spindle formation, separation of the spindle poles, or separation of sister chromatids.
Definition
Replication of DNA
Term
A cell has twice as much DNA as cells in some mitotically activated tissue. This cell is in what phase?
Definition
G1
Term
What is the result of blocking the function of actin?
Definition
A cleavage furrow forms and cytokinesis takes place
Term
Person who first recognized cells come from their predecessors
Definition
Rudolf Virchow
Term
The function of mitosis is to create
Definition
genetically identical cells (assuming there are no mutations)
Term
Each sister chromatics end up in the same cell or in different daughter cells after cytokinesis?
Definition
Different
Term
The complex of DNA and protein that make up a eukaryotic chromosome is called
Definition
chromatin
Term
The region of a chromosome holding the two double strands of replicated DNA together is called
Definition
a centromere
Term
The centromere is a region in which the _____ are attached to each other in ________
Definition
sister chromatids
in prophase
Term
How many maternal chromosomes are present in somatic human cells?
Definition
23
Term
A cell entering the cell cycle with 32 chromosomes will produce two daughter cells each with
Definition
32 chromosomes
Term
Cytokinesis refers to
Definition
the division of the cytoplasm
Term
Chromatids are
Definition
identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome
Term
If a cell contains 60 chromatids at the start of mitosis how many chromosomes will be found in each daughter cell?
Definition
30
Term
The amount of DNA in the cell is doubled when?
Definition
Between the G1 and G2 phases in the S phase
Term
How much DNA do cells have in the G1 phase compared to the G2 phase?
Definition
G1 has half the DNA as in G2
Term
During interphase the genetic material of a typical eukaryotic cell is
Definition
dispersed in the nucleus as long strands of chromatin
Term
DNA replication occurs in
Definition
The S phase of interphase in both somatic and reproductive cells
Term
If a somatic cell is just about to divide it has_____chromatids
Definition
92
Term
A cell in a person with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) has how many chromatids at the beginning of mitosis?
Definition
94.
47 X 2
Term
The DNA of chromosomes is replicated in the
Definition
S phase of interphase
Term
During what phase would you find the most DNA per cell?
Definition
The G2 phase
Term
In telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and chromatin uncoils. This is the opposite of which phase?
Definition
Prophase
Term
Which phase is the opposite of pro metaphase in terms of the nuclear envelope?
Definition
Telophase
Term
An animal has 14 chromosomes in each somatic cell. How many sister chromatids are present in the early telophase of mitosis?
Definition
0.
Term
In a human skin cell that is going through the cell cycle, centromeres separate when?
Definition
In prophase
Term
Following cytokinesis, how many centrioles does each daughter cell possess? How many centromeres?
Definition
2
1
Term
The phase of mitosis that chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is
Definition
anaphase
Term
The beginning of the formation of a spindle apparatus happens in which phase?
Definition
Prophase
Term
The centromeres divide in which phase?
Definition
Anaphase
Term
When does the nuclear envelope fragment and disappear?
Definition
Prometaphase
Term
Which phase do the sister chromatids separate?
Definition
anaphase
Term
In mitosis, the cleavage furrow forms during which stage?
Definition
Cytokinesis
Term
At which stage are the chromosomes all lined up on the equate plate ready to separate?
Definition
metaphase
Term
A dividing cell was a plant cell rather than an animal cell if you see
Definition
a cell plate
Term
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
Definition
binary fission
Term
During binary fission bacterium
Definition
replicate their circular DNA, elongate, and move apart.
Term
The distribution of a copy of the single parental chromosome to each daughter cell is involved with what kind of reproduction?
Definition
Binary fission
Term
When a cell in S phase is fused with a cell in G1
Definition
DNA synthesis begins immediately in the original G1 nucleus
Term
Tissue culture experiments with PDGF demonstrate that without this substance
Definition
fibroblasts fail to divide
Term
You be unlikely to see a human _________ cell dividing
Definition
Nerve
Term
Observations of cancer cells in culture support the hypothesis cancer cells
Definition
do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition
Term
Difference in benign VS malignant
Definition
Cells of benign tumors do not metastasize, malignant do.
Term
A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is a
Definition
sperm cell
Term
What life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals?
Definition
multicellular haploid
Term
In sexual reproduction, homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a divided cell during
Definition
meiosis 1
Term
Meiosis 2 is similar to mitosis in that
Definition
Sister chromatids separate during anaphase
Term
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA of the same cell at metaphase 1 would be
Definition
2x
Term
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the SNA of the same cell at metaphase 2 is
Definition
x
Term
How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2n 5 8)?
Definition
16
Term
Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in DNA. Whats the percent of Thymine?
Definition
8%
Term
Theres a test cross involving the F1 dihybrid flies in which there are more parental type than recombinant type. How can this be explained?
Definition
The two genes are closely linked on the same chromosome
Term
Non reciprocal crossover causes what?
Definition
Deletion and duplication
Term
For mitosis and meiosis, the proteins holding chromatids together- cohesins- have what property?
Definition
They must be removed before anaphase can occur
Term
Why do histones bind tightly to DNA?
Definition
Histones are positively charges and DNA is negative due to its phosphate backbone
Term
In epistasis
Definition
one gene alters the effect of another.
Term
If there is a primer RNA at 3' TGCAATCC 5' what will be the sequence it makes?
Definition
5' ACGUUAGG 3'
Term
What happens in both mitosis and meiosis?
Definition
The tetrads align at the metaphase plate and the sister chromatids separate
Term
Males are often affected by sex-linked traits than females because
Definition
males are hemizygous for the X chromosome
Term
What is the ratio in genotype when two cows that are heterozygous crossed?
Definition
1:2:1
Term
How do cells that completed meiosis compare to cells about to replicate
Definition
They have half the number of chromosomes and 1/4 the amount of DNA
Term
Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in DNA. Whats the percent of Thymine?
Definition
8%
Term
Theres a test cross involving the F1 dihybrid flies in which there are more parental type than recombinant type. How can this be explained?
Definition
The two genes are closely linked on the same chromosome
Term
Non reciprocal crossover causes what?
Definition
Deletion and duplication
Term
For mitosis and meiosis, the proteins holding chromatids together- cohesins- have what property?
Definition
They must be removed before anaphase can occur
Term
Why do histones bind tightly to DNA?
Definition
Histones are positively charges and DNA is negative due to its phosphate backbone
Term
In epistasis
Definition
one gene alters the effect of another.
Term
If there is a primer RNA at 3' TGCAATCC 5' what will be the sequence it makes?
Definition
5' ACGUUAGG 3'
Term
What happens in both mitosis and meiosis?
Definition
The tetrads align at the metaphase plate and the sister chromatids separate
Term
Males are often affected by sex-linked traits than females because
Definition
males are hemizygous for the X chromosome
Term
What is the ratio in genotype when two cows that are heterozygous crossed?
Definition
1:2:1
Term
How do cells that completed meiosis compare to cells about to replicate
Definition
They have half the number of chromosomes and 1/4 the amount of DNA
Term
Telomerase solves the problem of replication at the ends of linear chromosomes by
Definition
adding numerous short DNA sequences such as TTAGGG
Term
In the ABO blood type
Definition
A and B are codominant
Term
If a chromosome has 2n=16
Definition
it has 8 homologous pairs
Term
To determine the sequence of genes along a chromosome based on recombination
Definition
Find the ones with the larges separate values then find the ones repeated twice with values that add up to the larger values.
Term
Density dependent inhibition is
Definition
When as cells become more numerous, the amount of required growth factors and nutrients per cell becomes insufficient to allow for cell growth
Term
A mother is A+ and her children are O+ and B-, what is the fathers geno and phenotype?
Definition
The father is B+O-
Term
The difference in leading and lagging strands are
Definition
lagging strands replicate DNA is short fragments (Okazaki fragments)
Term
For anaphase to begin what must happen?
Definition
Cohesin must be cleaved enzymatically
Term
If there are 20 chromatids how many centromeres are there?
Definition
10
Term
In his work with pneumonia causing bacteria and mice, Griffith found that
Definition
some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.
Term
Medel accounted for the observation of traits skipping a generation and reshowing up in the F2 generation by proposing
Definition
traits can be dominant or recessive and recessive traits were obscured by the dominant F1 traits.
Term
Chromatids are separated from each other
Definition
This statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
Term
A cell that passes G1 will most likely
Definition
undergo chromosome duplication
Term
In what structure would expect to find a Barr body?
Definition
The kidney cell from a woman
Term
What is the concentration of H+ ions in a solution with a pH of 2.0?
Definition
10-2
Term
At metaphase of mitosis each chromosome consists of ______ chromatids, ______centromeres, and ______ kinetochores
Definition
2, 1, 1
Term
Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of
Definition
the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I, the random fertilization of sperm, the random distribution of sister chromatids in the daughter cells during anaphase II, and the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y.
Term
A cell line does not exhibit density dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence. They conclude
Definition
The cells show characteristics of tumors.
Term
What is the increasing levels of complexity for chromatin?
Definition
nucelosome, 30nm chromatin fiber, loop domain
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