Term
| You see a cell plate forming in the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of it. This is a __________ cell in the process of _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| A drug that interferes with the assembly of microtubules does what? |
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Definition
| Disrupts the mitotic spindle formation |
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Term
| What is the difference between cancer cells and normal cells |
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Definition
| Cancer cells continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together. |
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Term
| The decline of MPF at the end of mitosis is due to |
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Definition
| the degradation of cyclin |
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Term
| When Mitosis occurs with no cytokinesis it results in |
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Definition
| A cell with more than 1 nucleus |
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Term
Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?
Condensation of the chromosomes, Replication of the DNA, spindle formation, separation of the spindle poles, or separation of sister chromatids. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell has twice as much DNA as cells in some mitotically activated tissue. This cell is in what phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the result of blocking the function of actin? |
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Definition
| A cleavage furrow forms and cytokinesis takes place |
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Term
| Person who first recognized cells come from their predecessors |
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Definition
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Term
| The function of mitosis is to create |
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Definition
| genetically identical cells (assuming there are no mutations) |
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Term
| Each sister chromatics end up in the same cell or in different daughter cells after cytokinesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The complex of DNA and protein that make up a eukaryotic chromosome is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The region of a chromosome holding the two double strands of replicated DNA together is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The centromere is a region in which the _____ are attached to each other in ________ |
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Definition
sister chromatids
in prophase |
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Term
| How many maternal chromosomes are present in somatic human cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell entering the cell cycle with 32 chromosomes will produce two daughter cells each with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the division of the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome |
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Term
| If a cell contains 60 chromatids at the start of mitosis how many chromosomes will be found in each daughter cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of DNA in the cell is doubled when? |
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Definition
| Between the G1 and G2 phases in the S phase |
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Term
| How much DNA do cells have in the G1 phase compared to the G2 phase? |
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Definition
| G1 has half the DNA as in G2 |
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Term
| During interphase the genetic material of a typical eukaryotic cell is |
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Definition
| dispersed in the nucleus as long strands of chromatin |
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Term
| DNA replication occurs in |
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Definition
| The S phase of interphase in both somatic and reproductive cells |
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Term
| If a somatic cell is just about to divide it has_____chromatids |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell in a person with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) has how many chromatids at the beginning of mitosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The DNA of chromosomes is replicated in the |
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Definition
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Term
| During what phase would you find the most DNA per cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| In telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and chromatin uncoils. This is the opposite of which phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which phase is the opposite of pro metaphase in terms of the nuclear envelope? |
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Definition
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Term
| An animal has 14 chromosomes in each somatic cell. How many sister chromatids are present in the early telophase of mitosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a human skin cell that is going through the cell cycle, centromeres separate when? |
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Definition
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Term
| Following cytokinesis, how many centrioles does each daughter cell possess? How many centromeres? |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase of mitosis that chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is |
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Definition
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Term
| The beginning of the formation of a spindle apparatus happens in which phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| The centromeres divide in which phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the nuclear envelope fragment and disappear? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which phase do the sister chromatids separate? |
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Definition
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Term
| In mitosis, the cleavage furrow forms during which stage? |
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Definition
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Term
| At which stage are the chromosomes all lined up on the equate plate ready to separate? |
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Definition
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Term
| A dividing cell was a plant cell rather than an animal cell if you see |
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Definition
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Term
| How do prokaryotes reproduce? |
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Definition
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Term
| During binary fission bacterium |
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Definition
| replicate their circular DNA, elongate, and move apart. |
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Term
| The distribution of a copy of the single parental chromosome to each daughter cell is involved with what kind of reproduction? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a cell in S phase is fused with a cell in G1 |
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Definition
| DNA synthesis begins immediately in the original G1 nucleus |
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Term
| Tissue culture experiments with PDGF demonstrate that without this substance |
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Definition
| fibroblasts fail to divide |
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Term
| You be unlikely to see a human _________ cell dividing |
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Definition
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Term
| Observations of cancer cells in culture support the hypothesis cancer cells |
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Definition
| do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition |
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Term
| Difference in benign VS malignant |
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Definition
| Cells of benign tumors do not metastasize, malignant do. |
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Term
| A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is a |
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Definition
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Term
| What life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| In sexual reproduction, homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a divided cell during |
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Definition
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Term
| Meiosis 2 is similar to mitosis in that |
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Definition
| Sister chromatids separate during anaphase |
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Term
| If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA of the same cell at metaphase 1 would be |
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Definition
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Term
| If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the SNA of the same cell at metaphase 2 is |
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Definition
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Term
| How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2n 5 8)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in DNA. Whats the percent of Thymine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Theres a test cross involving the F1 dihybrid flies in which there are more parental type than recombinant type. How can this be explained? |
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Definition
| The two genes are closely linked on the same chromosome |
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Term
| Non reciprocal crossover causes what? |
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Definition
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Term
| For mitosis and meiosis, the proteins holding chromatids together- cohesins- have what property? |
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Definition
| They must be removed before anaphase can occur |
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Term
| Why do histones bind tightly to DNA? |
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Definition
| Histones are positively charges and DNA is negative due to its phosphate backbone |
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Term
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Definition
| one gene alters the effect of another. |
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Term
| If there is a primer RNA at 3' TGCAATCC 5' what will be the sequence it makes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in both mitosis and meiosis? |
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Definition
| The tetrads align at the metaphase plate and the sister chromatids separate |
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Term
| Males are often affected by sex-linked traits than females because |
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Definition
| males are hemizygous for the X chromosome |
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Term
| What is the ratio in genotype when two cows that are heterozygous crossed? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do cells that completed meiosis compare to cells about to replicate |
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Definition
| They have half the number of chromosomes and 1/4 the amount of DNA |
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Term
| Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in DNA. Whats the percent of Thymine? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Theres a test cross involving the F1 dihybrid flies in which there are more parental type than recombinant type. How can this be explained? |
|
Definition
| The two genes are closely linked on the same chromosome |
|
|
Term
| Non reciprocal crossover causes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For mitosis and meiosis, the proteins holding chromatids together- cohesins- have what property? |
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Definition
| They must be removed before anaphase can occur |
|
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Term
| Why do histones bind tightly to DNA? |
|
Definition
| Histones are positively charges and DNA is negative due to its phosphate backbone |
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Term
|
Definition
| one gene alters the effect of another. |
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Term
| If there is a primer RNA at 3' TGCAATCC 5' what will be the sequence it makes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in both mitosis and meiosis? |
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Definition
| The tetrads align at the metaphase plate and the sister chromatids separate |
|
|
Term
| Males are often affected by sex-linked traits than females because |
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Definition
| males are hemizygous for the X chromosome |
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Term
| What is the ratio in genotype when two cows that are heterozygous crossed? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do cells that completed meiosis compare to cells about to replicate |
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Definition
| They have half the number of chromosomes and 1/4 the amount of DNA |
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Term
| Telomerase solves the problem of replication at the ends of linear chromosomes by |
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Definition
| adding numerous short DNA sequences such as TTAGGG |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If a chromosome has 2n=16 |
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Definition
| it has 8 homologous pairs |
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Term
| To determine the sequence of genes along a chromosome based on recombination |
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Definition
| Find the ones with the larges separate values then find the ones repeated twice with values that add up to the larger values. |
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Term
| Density dependent inhibition is |
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Definition
| When as cells become more numerous, the amount of required growth factors and nutrients per cell becomes insufficient to allow for cell growth |
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Term
| A mother is A+ and her children are O+ and B-, what is the fathers geno and phenotype? |
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Definition
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Term
| The difference in leading and lagging strands are |
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Definition
| lagging strands replicate DNA is short fragments (Okazaki fragments) |
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Term
| For anaphase to begin what must happen? |
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Definition
| Cohesin must be cleaved enzymatically |
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Term
| If there are 20 chromatids how many centromeres are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| In his work with pneumonia causing bacteria and mice, Griffith found that |
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Definition
| some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic. |
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Term
| Medel accounted for the observation of traits skipping a generation and reshowing up in the F2 generation by proposing |
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Definition
| traits can be dominant or recessive and recessive traits were obscured by the dominant F1 traits. |
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Term
| Chromatids are separated from each other |
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Definition
| This statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II. |
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Term
| A cell that passes G1 will most likely |
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Definition
| undergo chromosome duplication |
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Term
| In what structure would expect to find a Barr body? |
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Definition
| The kidney cell from a woman |
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Term
| What is the concentration of H+ ions in a solution with a pH of 2.0? |
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Definition
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Term
| At metaphase of mitosis each chromosome consists of ______ chromatids, ______centromeres, and ______ kinetochores |
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Definition
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Term
| Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of |
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Definition
| the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I, the random fertilization of sperm, the random distribution of sister chromatids in the daughter cells during anaphase II, and the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y. |
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Term
| A cell line does not exhibit density dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence. They conclude |
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Definition
| The cells show characteristics of tumors. |
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Term
| What is the increasing levels of complexity for chromatin? |
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Definition
| nucelosome, 30nm chromatin fiber, loop domain |
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