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| study of living organisms |
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| carbon based, made up of cells, extract energy, exist in populations that evolve, genetic code to build proteins |
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| early earth having no O2 until photosynthesis allowed for |
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| aerobic metabolism and the ozone layer |
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| ____ that reproduce themselves and serve as templates for____ |
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| Nucleic acids, Protein synthesis |
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| sum total of all the DNA molecules in an organism |
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| segments of DNA that encode info to build proteins |
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| change in genetic make up over time |
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| Natural selection leads to |
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| illustrates the evolutionary histories of different groups |
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| atom, molecules, cells, organisms |
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| scientific investigations are based on |
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| observations, experiments, data analysis, and logic |
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| quantitative and qualitative |
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| ____ uses observations or facts to develop ____ |
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| Inductive logic, hypothesis |
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| manipulate one factor while holding other variables content |
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| compare date gathered from populations that differ |
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| scientist can collect data using ____ using one type of organism to understand others |
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| statistical tests start with a ___ (no differences) |
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| an ____ is a pure substance that contains only one type of atom |
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| an ____ is the smallest unit of matter that maintains the unique physical and chemical properties of an element |
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| number of protons = number of electrons |
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| atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses |
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| electrons are found in different |
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| electrons present in the valence shell |
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| a substance consisting of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio |
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| the sharing of 2 pairs of electrons between 2 atoms |
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| attractive force that an atomic nucleus exerts on electrons |
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| one atom has greater electronegativity |
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| attraction between the negative end of one molecule and the positive hydrogen end of another molecule |
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| making and breaking of chemical bonds |
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| amount of a substance that is numerically equal to its molecular weight |
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| when ___ dissolves in water. they release hydrogen ions |
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any ph above 7 is ___
any ph below 7 is ___ |
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| a weak acid that maintains ph |
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protein
carbs
lipid
nucleic acid |
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| polymers are formed in ____; energy is required and a water molecule is removed |
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| polymers are broken down into monomers in _____; energy is released and water is consumed |
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| store energy, transport energy, form cell walls |
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| 2 sugars linked by covalent bonds and form glycosidic linkages |
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| 100+ monosaccharides and all cells use glucose as an energy source |
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| storage of glucose in plants |
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| storage of glucose in animals |
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| stable, good for structural components |
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| proteins are made up of ____ and linked together by ____ |
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| amino acids, peptide bonds |
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| if a protein is heated and secondary and tertiery structure break down, the protein is _____ |
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| prevent proteins from binding to wrong molecules after denaturation |
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| Lipids are nonpolar and insoluble in water due to _____ |
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| _____ fatty acids contain no c=c bonds |
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| _____ fatty acids contain 1 or more c=c bonds |
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| head of phosopholipids are ____ while tails are ____ |
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| multiple rings share carbons |
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| specialized for storage, transmission, and use of genetic information |
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| the monomers that make up nucleic acids linked by phosphodiester bonds |
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| nucleic acids grow in the _ to _ direction |
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| nucleotides are linked by |
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| purines pair with pyrimidines by hydrogen bonds is called |
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| complementary base pairing |
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| complete set of DNA in an organism is called a |
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| sequences of DNA that are transcribed in RNA are called |
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| energy transfer in biochemical reactions |
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| energy source in protein synthesis |
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| essential to the action of hormones and transmission of information |
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