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| fanlike microtuble structure that helps seperate the chromosomes |
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| place where a pair of chromatids is attached |
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| what each chromosome consists of at the begining of cell division |
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| tiny structure in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope |
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| phase in which the sytoplasm pinches in half and each cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes |
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| a disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth |
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| what happens as a cell grows and why must it divide? |
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| the larger a cell becomes the more demands it places on the DNA nad has more trouble moving enough nutrients and waste across the cell |
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| cell increases in size and synthesises new protiens and organelles |
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| chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNa moleclues takes place |
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| many of the organelles and molecules required for all reprodution are produced; cell prepares for M phase |
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| chromosomes become visible. centrioles take up positions on opposite sides of nucleus |
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| chromosomes line uo across center of cell |
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| the chromosomes move untilthey form two groups near the poles of the spindles |
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| a nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. the nucleous becoems visible in each daughter nucleus |
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| organisms with two different alleles for the same trait (Tt) |
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| organisms with two identical alleles for a particular trait (TT/tt) |
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| different froms of a gene |
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| specific characteristic (seed color/height) |
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| offspring of crosses between parents |
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| diagram showing the possible gene combinations that can reslut form genteic combination |
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| cases in bwhich one allele is not completely dominant over another |
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| cell that contains both sets of homogulous chromosme |
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| single set of chromosomes/genes |
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| process of exchanging portions of chromatids that results in the exchange of alleles between homogulous chromosomes and produces new combinations of alleles |
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| chromosomes paired with thier corrosponding chromosomes; 4 chromatids |
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| meosis produces four genetically different haploids and mitosis results in two genetically identical diploids |
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Definition
| deoxyribose, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base |
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| DNA molecules seperate into two strands, then produce two new complementary strands following the rules of base-pairing |
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| RNa polymerse binds to DNA and seperates the DNA strands RNA polymerse then uses one strand of DNA as a template for which nucleotides are assembled into one strand |
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| cell uses info from messenger RNA to produce protiens |
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| long chain like nucleotides; |
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| function of 3 types of RNA |
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Definition
| messenger- carries copies of instructions; ribsomal- RNA that makes up major parts of ribosomes; transfer- transfers each amino acid to the ribsome as its specified by coded messages in the mRNA |
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Term
| differences between RNA and DNA |
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Definition
| sugar in RNA is ribose as opposed to deoxyribose; RNA is single stranded; RNA has uracil as instead of thymine |
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| changes in genetic material |
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Definition
mixture of DNA fragments is placed at one end of pourous gel, electric voltage to gel. when on DNA molecules which have a - charge move toward the
+ end of the gel; smaller the fragemnt the faster it moves |
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| DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources |
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| unlike most DNA testing ignores the DNa with the most function that is widely common but focuses on the DNA with little to no function that vary widely form one indiviual to another |
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| photgraph of chromosomes grouped in ordered in pairs |
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| on going effort to analyze the human DNA sequence |
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| change of time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient ogranisms |
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| organisms mate without human interference |
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| humans pick which organsims seem most benificial to cross |
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| the more adapt an organism is to its environment the better it survies and reproduces |
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| wrote a book on the changing geographical features of Earth; suggested it had to be more than a few thousand years old |
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| said the Earthe is changing and has been changing for millions of years; led Darmwin to think the sme could be for life |
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| only things working against human growth were war, disease and famine. if human populaiton continued to grow unchecked sooner or later there would be insufficient living space |
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| had the same thoughts on evolutionary change in Malaysia, let him know he wasn't alone and gave him confidence to produce his own piece |
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| evolutionary classification |
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Definition
| the strategy of grouping organisms based on thier evolutionary history is called evolutionary classification |
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| kingdom, phylum, can, order, family, genus, species |
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| what now makes up the old kingdom Monera? |
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| Eubacteria and Archeabacteria |
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| how is a scientific name written? |
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| itialics, captilized first name then not second name |
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| name that varies by region |
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