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| Diagram used to predict the probability of genetic traits |
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| The physical description of a trait. EX tall, blue eyes, freckles |
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| One of a number of forms of a gene |
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| The form of the gene that is expressed when at least one allele is present. Typically written as a capital letter |
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| Two identical alleles. EX BB, TT, bb |
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| The genetic makeup of an organism |
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| Genetic crossed of only one trait |
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| The form of the gene that is only expressed if no dominant alleles are present. Typically written a two lower case letters, ie bb, tt, hh |
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| Two different alleles are in the genotype. EX Hh, Bb, Ff |
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| The chance of a specific event occuring |
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| Process by which diploid cells reduce their chromosomes by half to become haploid. Only occurs in gametes |
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| Chart that traces the presence or absence of a trait according to family relationships |
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| Traits that are passed on through the sex chromosomes. Most sex-linked traits are found on the X chromosome |
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| Picture of diploid pairs of chromosomes arranged from the largest to the smallest. |
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| All of the chromosomes except the sex chromosomes |
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| Entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA |
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| Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. Males are XY, females are XX |
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| Enzyme that allows DNA to be cut into fragments at a specific nucleotide |
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| Polymerase chain reaction- technique that allows for duplication of a particular gene |
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| Manipulating genetic information to improve/alter organisms |
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| Process by which DNA fragments are separated and used to ID genetic markers. Smaller fragments move more than larger fragments |
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| Technique that takes the DNA from one organism and combines it with the DNA of another organims |
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| Creation of an genetically identical offspring from an adult cell EX Dolly the Sheep |
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| Tool used by scientists identify an individual's DNA |
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