Term
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Definition
| A code consisting of 3 nucleotides. |
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Term
| Relate a Gene to a DNA molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| Gene is a code for a ______ which is made up of small units called ________ |
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Definition
| genetic information, triplet codon |
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Term
| The three molecules making up a nucleotide are _____,_____,_____. |
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Definition
| 5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group |
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Term
| What is the relationship of a nucleotide to a DNA molecule? |
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Definition
| DNA is composed of nucleotides |
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Term
| There are two types of nucleic acids |
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleic acids carry what type of info? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is ribose structurally different from deoxyribose? |
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Definition
| Different bases. 2 backbones on DNA and 1 on RNA. Ribose has uracil. |
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Term
| What is the base pairing rule? |
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Definition
| In DNA its A-T and G-C in RNA it's A-U and G-C |
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Term
| Describe the DNA molecule in words. |
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Definition
| It's like a spiral staircase. |
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Term
| Rosalind Franklin's ____ ______ pictures helped Watson and Crick come up with their model for DNA. Why didn't she get the Noble Prize? |
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Definition
| She died beforehand due probably to radiation poisoning. X-Ray, Diffraction |
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Term
| The forces holding together the 2 halves of DNA are called ______________. There are two between __ and __ and three between __ and __. |
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Definition
| Hydrogen bonds, A and T, C and G. |
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Term
| How do the terms and pyrimidines and purines fit into our knowledge of DNA structure? |
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Definition
| A and G are purines. T and C are pyrimides. |
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Term
| What do proteins do for cells or why are they important in the lives of cells? |
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Definition
| Proteins perform most chemical reactions that keep the cell alive. |
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Term
| If a cell's life is 24 hrs and the beggining of the cycle is 12 midnight, then what is happening at 11 to 12 noon. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is happening at 9:00 PM? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many hours are limited to Mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
| G1, S and G2 are all part of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Most adult cells are in ____ phase |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the significance of the R part of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
| It marks the point where a cell commits to mitosis. |
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Term
| Why is the mitosis or M stage a good stage for viewing chromosomes |
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Definition
| It's where they are out of the nucleus and they seperate. |
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Term
| What's the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis? |
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Definition
| cytokinesis is the splitting of the cell, mitosis is just splitting the chromosomes. |
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Term
| What are the three major events in the replication? |
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Definition
binding of enzymes to DNA (splitting)
unwinding of the double helix (unwind)
synthesis of a new matching strand for each existing one (combine) |
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Term
| Whats the difference of the origin of replication between Eukary and Prokary? |
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Definition
| P have one point and very simple DNA. E have many points and lots of DNA. |
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Term
| Each replicated DNA has one strand of _____ DNa and one strand of ___ DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the chromosomes formed from a particular strand of DNa molecule so much shorter than the DNA? |
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Definition
| The DNA is coiled and supercoiled around |
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Term
| Define mutation as the term refers to DNA. |
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Definition
| Any change in the DNA's sequence |
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Term
| Why do cell's need accurate DNA? |
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Definition
| It provides the instructions for protein synthesis. |
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Term
| Why is the number of mutations ( 1:10,000 ) so much shorter than the end DNA number (1 : 10,000,000 ) ? |
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Definition
| Because the enzymes proofread DNA |
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Term
| What are two enviromental factors that are mutagenic? |
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Definition
| Radiation, mutagenic chemicals |
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Term
| Use etymology of the mitotic phase names to explain the movement of chromosomes. |
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Definition
| kinetioc means to move. centro means "center". meta means "middle" ana means "back" telo means "goal" Pro means "before" so the phase goes prophase-metaphase(middle phase)- anaphase (back phase)- telophase (goal phase) |
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Term
| Relate the action of active kinase to the process of mitosis. What exact things happen as a result of the actions of active kinase? |
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Definition
| The kinases activate cell cycle enzymes. |
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Term
| Explain how a cyclin, enzyme, and a kinase are connected in a cell's physiology? |
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Definition
| cyclin activates a kinase, kinases activate enzymes, enzymes do the cell cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the p53 protein prevent help to keep mistakes at a mininum? |
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