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Biology - CST practice
Answers i missed in the past
48
Biology
9th Grade
04/18/2011

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Term
An organism has a cell membrane but no nucleus. What type of organism is it?
Definition
Prokaryote
Term
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Definition
It increases the chances of organisms adapting to changing environments.
Term
An example of a human trait that is controlled by more than one gene is

A. earlobe attachments
B. ABO blood type
C. eye color
D. all of the above
Definition
C. eye color
Term
The living things in an ecosystem depend on one another in many ways. What is the main reason that the number of plants in an ecosystem determines the number and variety of animals the ecosystem can support?
Definition
Plants convert solar energy to chemical energy.
Term
Why are there relatively few third-level consumers in most ecosystems?
Definition
Energy is lost at each trophic level, so there is a limited amount of energy available to third-level consumers
Term
The body system that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood is the
Definition
respiratory system
Term
The digestive system breaks down food into smaller, simpler molecules that cells can use. These molecules are made available to body cells by the
Definition
circulatory system
Term
Once proteins are produced, they generally move from the endoplasmic reticulum to the
Definition
Golgi apparatus
Term
Scientists are studying an enzyme that is involved int he breakdown of starch into simpler sugars. Which of the following is the LEAST likely to affect the activity of this enzyme?

A. Raising the temperature
B. increasing the concentration of starch
C. changing the ionic conditions
D. lowering the pH
Definition
B. increasing the concentration of starch
Term
Different gametes have different sets of chromosomes because homologous chromosomes are divided between gametes by
Definition
independent assortment.
Term
A mutation is LEAST likely to affect the phenotype of an organism if the mutation
Definition
does not affect the resulting protein
Term
Scientists are studying how paramecia respond to different wavelengths of light. What experimental error is most likely unavoidable?
Definition
genetic differences among the paramecia
Term
Scientists are testing the effectiveness of a certain vaccine in preventing a viral infection in laboratory mice. The mice are randomly divided into two groups. One group is injected with the vaccine, and the other group is injected with water. What is the reason for injecting half of the mice with water?
Definition
to serve as a control group that the vaccinated mice can be compared against
Term
What is experimental error?
Definition
It includes random error, such as natural variability among different organisms, and systematic error, such as incorrect measurement of a dependent variable or poorly calibrated instruments.
Term
What is experimental error?
Definition
It includes random error, such as natural variability among different organisms, and systematic error, such as incorrect measurement of a dependent variable or poorly calibrated instruments.
Term
What is the best reason why constants are important science?
Definition
They ensure that only one variable is being tested.
Term
What is the role of a scientific model?
Definition
to explain existing data and predict new data
Term
Ecological succession involves the progression of an ecosystem that occurs
Definition
in a predictable way
Term
The process of ecological succession begins after an ecosystem has been
Definition
disturbed
Term
A scientist can best identify the stage of ecological succession that an ecosystem is in by analyzing
Definition
plant types
Term
After researchers complete experiments, they use statistics to analyze their results. If the results are statistically significant, this means that the
Definition
results are not likely due to chance
Term
Why do scientists share information about their research with one another?
Definition
Biological systems are too complex to be understood by completing one experiment
Term
One experiment cannot fully explain a natural system because the experiment tests..
Definition
only one variable
Term
Natural systems, such as streams, are very complex. What explains what is meant by a "complex system"?
Definition
one that has many variables
Term
What is geology?
Definition
the study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth.
Term
Why is it important to read the original scientific journal article that is the source of a news report?
Definition
to see if the report is accurate.
Term
What describes a theory?
Definition
An explanation for obervations
Term
What's a hypothesis?
Definition
A proposed answer to a question
Term
What describes a condition that would cause a theory to be thrown out?
Definition
new reliable evidence
Term
What is a gene?
Definition
specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein
Term
What is an allele?
Definition
any of the alternative forms of a gene that cocurs at a specific place on a choromosome
Term
What is Law of Segregation?
Definition
Mendel's first law;
Organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent
Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes because the genes separate during gamete formation
Term
Law of Independent Assortment
Definition
Mendel's second law
Allele pairs separate from one another during gamete formation
Term
What is a genome?
Definition
All of an organism's genetic material
Term
Multiple Alleles
Definition
Mendel's Third Exception
Many genes have more than two alleles
There are 3 different alleles for human ABO blood types. Any person can have two of the three possible alleles.
Term
Point mutation
Definition
substitutes one nucleotide for another
Term
Frameshift mutation
Definition
adds or deletes a nucleotide in the DNA sequence
Term
Mutation: Deletion
Definition
Chromosome mutation; a piece of chromosome is lost
Term
Mutation: Inversion
Definition
Chromosome mutation; a piece of chromosome is switched
Term
Mutation: Duplication
Definition
Chromosome mutation; a piece of chromosome is doubled
Term
Mutation: Translocation
Definition
Chromosome mutation; part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another
Term
Down Syndrome
Definition
Trisomy 21, non-disjunction
Term
Turner Syndrome
Definition
Monosomy of Sex Chromosomes, Non-disjunction
Term
Kleinfelter Syndrome
Definition
Trisomy of the Sex chromosomes, non-disjunction
Term
genetic drift
Definition
change in allele frequencies due to chance alone, occurring most commonly in small populations.
Term
feedback
Definition
information that is compared with a set of ideal values and aids in maintaining homeostasis
Term
nerve impulse
Definition
progressive wave of electric and chemical activity along a nerve fiber that stimulates or inhibits the action of a muscle, gland, or other nerve cell
Term
interneuron
Definition
any inner neuron in the body
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