tissue that covers the body & lines its organs and cavities

Connective Tissue

Loose connective Tissue

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Adipose Tissue

Cartallage

Bone

Blood

Muscle Tissue

Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

organ system with bones and cartilage.

Provides body with support and protection

Integumentary System

Angiosperms (flowering plants) 

Monocots & Eudicots

most familiar and diverse group of plants

2 types

system in plants houses stems, leaves, and reproductive system.

Stems provide support 

Leaves carry out photosynthesis

plant growth that occurs in tissues called meristems

plants grow up toward the sun and down through the soil

plant growth that occurs at lateral meristems.

Causes plants to grow outward. (get wider) 

amount of sunlight powers most ecosystems

Abiotic factor

important factor affecting metabolism

Abiotic factor

essential to all life; different challenges for terrestrial & aquatic organisms

Abiotic Factor

affect photosynthetic organisms

Abiotic Factor

dissolved oxygen, salinity

Abiotic Factor

wind and fire

Abiotic Factor

Biomes that occur in the arm, moist,belt along the equator

Most diverse ecosystems on earth

large scale human destruction endangers many species

grassland biomes with scattered trees

grazing animals and fire inhibit invasion by trees

warm year round temp

dramatic seasonal variation in rainfall

driest of all terrestrial biomes

low and unpredictable rainfall

desertification: significant environmental problem

biomes dominated by dense, spiny shrubs with tough, evergreen leaves

mild rainy winters and hot dry summers

small coastal areas

vegetation adapted to periodic fires

biomes found in the interiors of continents, where winters are cold

drought, fires, and graving animals prevent trees from growing

farms have replaced most of these in north america

bomes that occur where there is sufficient moisture to support growth of large deciduous trees

wide annual temperature variation

many have been altered agriculture and urban development 

Largest terrestrial biome on earth

long cold winters and short wet summers

dominated by cone-bearing evergreens (pine, spruce, fir,hemlock)

biome that lies between taiga and permanently frozen regions

treeless biome characterized by extreme cold, wind, and permafrost (continually frozen subsoil)

environmental cues that cause response

Animal Behavior

immediate mechanisms for a behavior

Animal Behavior 

the evolutionary explanations for behavior

Animal Behavior

Sum of animal's response to external and internal stimuli

result of both genetic and environmental factors

Unchangeable series of actions triggered by a specific stimulus

stimulus is often simple clue in an animals environment

genetic programing underlying an FAP ensures that the activity is performed correctly without practice

learning that uses landmarks to learn the  _______ structure of the environment

landmarks mark locations of food, nest sites, etc

ability to associate one environmental feature with another

form of learning

ability to apply past experiences to novel situations

highly developed in some mammals (dolphins & primates)

an area, usually fixed in location, that individuals defend and form which other members of the same species are usually excluded

for of social behavior that partitions resources 

threats and combat that settles disputes between individuals

victor gains first or exclusive access to a resource

Exponential Growth Model

G=rN

rate of population increase under ideal conditions

what is the formula?

Logistic Growth Model

G=rN (K-N)/K

considers limiting factors that restrict population growth

what is the formula?

number of offspring decline as density increases

• competition for recourses
• limited food supply
• increased disease or predation
• physiological changes

abiotic factor (weather) causes rapid die-off

• severe weather
• fire, flood, habitat disruption

small bodied and short lived

produce many offspring.  No parental care

reach sexual maturity quickly; rapid exponential growth

occupy resource-abundant but unpredictable environments 

large bodied and long lived

develop slowly and produce few well cared for offspring

allocate energy to increase survival (theirs and descendants)

occupy stable environments at or near carrying capacity

Populations of 2 species compete for the same limited resources 

occurs when niches of 2 populations overlap

Lowers carrying capacity of competing populations

relationship in which one species benefits

pray evolve protective strategies (camouflage, mechanical and chemical defense)

one animal eats another 

consumption of plant parts or algae by an animal

non-fatal-plants must expend energy to replace loss

live on or in host to obtain nourishment (tapeworms, flukes, ticks,mosquitoes)

desease causing

support all other trophic levels

(plants)

Consumers (heterotrophs)

all organisms in trophic levels above producers

(herbivores and carnivores)

secondary, tertiary, and quaternary consumers 

network of interconnecting food chains

more realistic view of community trophic structure

Nitrogen Cycle

Levels of Biodiversity

raw material for microevolution and adaptions

Levels of Biodiversity

variety of species in ecosystem of biosphere

Levels of Biodeversity

functioning energy flow and chemical cycling

Endangered Species

one that is in danger of becoming extinct.

federal and state criteria differ

Threatened Species

threat to biodiversity due to arrival of new species.

compete with, prey on, or parasitize native species