Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Biology CLEP practice test flash cards
Biology CLEP test flash cards
307
Biology
Undergraduate 4
04/24/2010

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
A small non-protein substance such as iron that works with enzymes to promote catalysis is known as:
Definition
An inorganic cofactor
Term

A particular plant has individuals that are either male or female. A male individual of this plant may have all of the following EXCEPT:

a. a filament

b. an anther

c. a stigma

d. pollen grains

e. tube nuclei

Definition
c. a stigma
Term

The cells of which of the following organisms are prokaryotic?

a. Mold

b. Seaweed

c. Blue-green bacteria

d. Fern

e. Hydra

Definition
c. Blue-green bacteria
Term

What is a plausable progression in the evolution of plants?

 

Definition
Anaerobic prokaryotic cells --> autotrophic cyanobacteria --> aerobic eukaryotic cells --> multicellular plants
Term
Legumes perform a unique ecological function by:
Definition
Hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots nodules.
Term

Which of the following is found in a carbohydrate molecule?

a. N

b. S

c. NH2

d. PO4

e. CH2O

Definition
e. CH2O
Term
True or false?: The hydrolic cycle does not affect any of the other biogeochemical cycles.
Definition
False
Term

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

a. Glucose

b. Cellulose

c. Table sugar

d. Amylase

e. Starch

Definition
A. Glucose
Term
Instinct:
Definition
Highly steriotyped innate behavior
Term
Reflex:
Definition
An automatic movement in response to an environment signal
Term
Fixed Action Pattern (FAP):
Definition
Unlearned series of actions that are a pre-programmed but complex response to a particular environmental signal.
Term
The study of the interaction of organisms with their living space is known as:
Definition
Ecology (ology: the study of, eco: a place to live)
Term
What happens when a limited amount of enzyme is added to a reaction with an unlimited amount of substrate?
Definition
The rate of the reaction increases, then levels off as all of the enzyme is engaged.
Term

Which of the following organisms does NOT function in immunity to defend the body from infection?

a. Tonsils

b. Lymph nodes

c. Spinal chord

d. Spleen

e. Thymus

Definition
c. Spinal chord
Term

All of the statements about the following reaction are true except:

 

glycerol + 3 fatty acids = fat(triglyceride) +3H2O

 

a. It is an exothermic reaction

b. It is a combination reaction

c. It is an endothermic reaction

d. This reaction occurs within animal cells in order to store energy

e. Water is a byproduct

Definition
a. It is an exothermic reaction (It is not energy releasing, but rather energy storing)
Term
A cell without a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles is:
Definition
Prokaryotic (pro: before, karyo: nucleus)
Term

All of the following are found in the cells of fungi except:

a. chloroplasts

b. nucleus

c. mitochondria

d. plasma membranes

e. ribosomes

Definition

a. Chloroplasts

(Fungi are not photosynthetic, therefore they do not need/have chloroplasts)

Term
Grana are embedded within which part of the chloroplast?
Definition
Stroma
Term
The ultimate source of energy for most life on Earth is:
Definition
The sun
Term
The conversion of light energy into chemical energy is accomplished by:
Definition
Photosynthesis
Term
The sum total of a species' genetic information is known as:
Definition
Genome
Term

All of the following are steps in the translation part of protein synthesis except:

a. Free bases line up along the DNA template and are bonded tongether forming a single strand of RNA

b. A ribosome attaches to start codon on mRNA and links a tRNA with its attached amino acid.

c. The ribosome continues to link a sequence of tRNA molecules that correspond with the mRNA strand being encoded

d. The amino acids are linked by ribosomal enzymes into a protein chain

e. The terminating codon stops the synthesis process and releases the newly formed protein.

Definition

A. Free bases line up along the DNA template and are bonded tongether forming a single strand of RNA

(This happens during transcription, rather than translation)

Term
Transduction refers to the process whereby a bacterium's genetic makeup is altered when:
Definition
Some genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another via a viral bacteriophage
Term
Chromosomes that are paired with another of similar size and shape within the nucleus are known as:
Definition
Homologs
Term
Restriction enzymes cut samples of DNA into fragments by:
Definition
Binding to a specific sequence of nucleotides and breaking the sugar-phosphate backbone.
Term
Telophase:
Definition
Nuclear membrane forms around new groups of single-stranded chromosomes.
Term
Cytokinesis:
Definition
Cytoplasm splits forming two distinct cells
Term
Prophase:
Definition
Cromatin condenses, centrioles move to opposit ends of the cell, nuclear membrane dissolves, kinetochore forms
Term
Metaphase:
Definition
Chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the cell
Term
Anaphase:
Definition
Paired chromosomes seperate at the kintochore, each chromosome travels along the spindle fibers to opposit ends of the cell.
Term
True or False?: Meiosis produces two exact replica daughter cells.
Definition

False

(Meiosis produces four daughter cells, mitosis produces two)

Term
The iron-containing molecule that carries oxygen within red blood cells through the body via the circulatory system is:
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
When sodium (Na+) ion concentration outside a cell increases, water molecules travel out of the cell through the cell membrane to equalize the concentration. This process is known as:
Definition
Osmosis
Term
The _______ is the organ that prevents food from entering the bronchial tubes.
Definition
Epiglottis
Term
The site of transfer for nutrients, water, and wastes between a mammalian mother and embryo is the:
Definition
Placenta
Term
The function of the gall bladder and the pancreas is to aid digestion by producing digestive enzymes and secreting them into:
Definition
The small intestine
Term
Electrical shock can restart a heart that has stopped beating. What is a valid reason for this fact?
Definition
Electric shock stimulates cardiac muscle causing it to contract
Term

All of the following may cause mutations in a DNA sequence except:

a. X-rays

b. Chemical exposure

c. Random copying error

d. Sunlight

e. Crossing over

Definition
Crossing over
Term
Primary oocytes:
Definition
Present in reproductive organs at birth
Term
Egg cell:
Definition
Female haploid cell that is ready for fertilization
Term
Secondary spermatocytes:
Definition

-Haploid cells that will divelop into male gametes

-Undergo meiosis II to form spermatid

Term

All of the following are functions of bones except:

a. Provide structure and support

b. Provide protection for organs

c. Produce red blood cells

d. Aid in locomotion

e. Produce calcium and phosphate

Definition

e. Produce calcium and phosphate

(they do store them, they do not produce them)

Term

                 T      T

               t   Tt     Tt  

               t   Tt     Tt  

 

This illistration is called a:

Definition
Punnett Square
Term

                 T      T

               t   Tt     Tt  

               t   Tt     Tt  

 

What is the genotype for each parent?

Definition
One parent has the genotype TT, the other tt
Term

                 T      T

               t   Tt     Tt  

               t   Tt     Tt  

 

The gametes for this cross will have which possible alleles?

Definition
T, t
Term

                  T      T

               t   Tt     Tt  

               t   Tt     Tt  

 

What will the phenotypic ratios of the offspring in this cross?

Definition
4 tall: 0 short
Term

                  T      T

               t   Tt     Tt  

               t   Tt     Tt  

 

If two of the offspring are crossed, what will the phenotypic ratio of the next generation be?

Definition
3 tall: 1 short
Term

All of the following are major structural regions of plant roots except:

a. the meristematic region

b. the elongation region

c. the root cap

d. the epistematic region

e. the maturation region

Definition
d. the epistematic region
Term
Water molecules are attract to eachother due to what?
Definition
Polarity, partial positive charge near hydrogen atoms, partial negative charge near oxygen atoms
Term
The Law of Segregation in Genetics states that:
Definition
Genes are randomly seperated in gamete formation and brought together in fertilization
Term
True or false?: Animals only reproduce asexually.
Definition
False
Term

All of the following terms represent the movement of a species in or out of a given area except:

a. competition

b. emigration

c. dispersion

d. immigration

e. migration

Definition
a. Competition
Term
Sharks and dolphins have similar body shapes. What is the most likely explanation for this?
Definition
The similar body shape trats are the result of convergent evolution.
Term
The term Homo sapiens is an example of:
Definition
Binomial nomenclature
Term
In humans, the ability to roll the tounge is an inherited trait and the allele for toungue-rolling is dominant. If 36% of the population can not roll their toungue, what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype within the population, according to the Hardy-Weinberg Equation?
Definition

0.48

p + q = 1where p and q represent the frequencies of two alleles.

Term

An unknown plant found in the forest has five petals on its flower and tap root system. Which of the following is most likely true?

a. The stem has random arrangements of vascular bodies.

b. The plant's seed has only one cotyledon

c. The leaves of the plant have parallel veins

d. The leaves of the plant have networked veins

e. The plant is male

Definition
d. The leaves of the plant have networked veins
Term

Members of which of the following categories are most closly related?

a. Phylum

b. Genus

c. Kingdom

d. Class

e. Order

Definition

b. Genus

(it is the most specific on the list)

Term
True or false (according to the Oparin Hypothesis)?: H2O once existed only in the form of ice.
Definition
False
Term
What is a plausable explination for how altruistic traits evolve?
Definition
The process of kin selection preserves altruistic traits.
Term
Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria cause throat infections in humans, but can be killed with the antibiotic penicillin. If penicillin therapy is not administered correctly, some bacteria may survive. The surviving bacteria are those with a higher level of resistance to penicillin. The living bacteria will reproduce, magnifying the traits of resistance in subsequent generations. This is an example of:
Definition
Natural Selection
Term
The major driving force in the evolution of species is known as:
Definition
Natural Selection
Term
Punctuated equilibrium:
Definition
Short period of quick mutation and change resulting in new species
Term
Genetic drift:
Definition
Change in frequency of particular genes in a population over time due to chance fluctuations
Term
Adaptive radiation:
Definition
Process whereby one species can evolve into several new species over time as migration to new areas occurs and traits are specialized to fit new habitat
Term
Sympatric speciation:
Definition
The development of members within a population that possess differences preventing sucessful reproduction with the original population
Term
Kin selection:
Definition
The tendency for an individual to express altruistic traits toward close relatives, thus preserving the genes that produce altruistic traits.
Term

The biogeography of a tropical island is affected by all of the folowing factors except:

a. Volcanic activity

b. Distance from other landmasses

c. Human population

d. Prevailing winds

e. Fossil preservations within the geologic column

Definition
e. Fossil preservation within the geologic column
Term
A form of symbiosis in which one species benefits while the other is harmed is called:
Definition
Parasitism
Term

All of the following are steps in the carbon cycle except:

a. Carbon is taken in by plants and used to form carbohydrates through photosynthesis

b. Carbon dioxide is dissolved out of the air into ocean water, combined with calcium to form calcium carbonate

c. Carbon is taken in by animal respiration and used to form carbohydrates

d. Detritus feeders return carbon contained in prganic compounds to elemental form

e. Burning fossil fules release carbon dioxide into the atmonphere where it can be used by plants

Definition
c. Carbon is taken in by animal respiration and used to form carbohydrates.
Term
Large protein molecules may be secreated from a cell by the process of:
Definition
Exocytosis
Term
What is the most likely reason for amylase's suitability to aid in the catalysis of starches?
Definition
The shape of the active site on the amylase molecule matches the shape of starch molecules
Term

Which of the following is an autotroph?

a. E.coli bacteria

b. Portuguese man-of-war jellyfish

c. Portobello mushroom

d. Asparagus fern

e. Human fetus

Definition
d. Asparagus fern
Term
A _________ is a distinct group of individuals who are able to mate and produce viable offspring.
Definition
Species
Term

Which phylum of vertebrates contains animals with mammary glands?

a. Chondrichthyes

b. Amphibia

c. Reptilia

d. Mammalia

e. Aves

Definition
d. Mammalia
Term
J-curve:
Definition
Exponential population growth curve
Term
Population rate of growth:
Definition
Birth rate minus death rate
Term
Mortality:
Definition
Death rate within a population
Term
Natality:
Definition
Birth rate within a population
Term
S-curve:
Definition
Logistic population growth
Term
What kingdom contains photosynthetic organisms?
Definition
Protista
Term

Which of the following elements is not found in organic tissue?

a. Oxygen

b. Hydrogen

c. Nitrogen

d. Argon

e. Sulfer

Definition
d. Argon
Term
Nonvascular plants:
Definition
Bryophytes
Term
Angiosperms:
Definition
Flowering plants
Term
Cuticle:
Definition
Waxy coating of leaves that maintains moisture balance
Term
Gymnosperms:
Definition
Produce seeds without flowers
Term
Conidfers and cyads:
Definition
Gymnosperms
Term
Organisms store energy within:
Definition
Chemical bonds
Term
The diploid generation in plants is known as the:
Definition
Sporophyte
Term
There are three genes that control skin colour in humans. Each gene has a dominant and a recessive allele, so the possible alleles are A,a,B,b,C,c. The more dominant alleles inherited by offspring, the darker the skin colour. Skin colour in humans is an example of:
Definition
A polygenetic trait
Term
The fossil of a fish is found in a limestone bed. The imprint of the skeleton is easly discernable, including several vertebrae. The fish most likely belongs to the class:
Definition
Osteichthyes
Term

Cells of eukaryotes have all of the following except:

a. membrane-enclosed organelles

b. DNA organized into chromosomes

c. a nucleus

d. DNA floating free in the cytoplasm

e. ribosomes

Definition
d. DNA floating free in the cytoplasm.
Term
The process whereby molecules and ions flow through the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of higher concentration without an input of energy is known as:
Definition
Diffusion
Term
A species' ecological niche is defined as including:
Definition
All the biotic and abiotic factors that will support its life and reproduction
Term
A DNA strand in a double helix has a base sequence of ATACGT. The basic sequence of its DNA complement is:
Definition
TATGCA
Term

According to the Hardy-Weinberg Law, evolution can occur due to changes in allele frequencies. All of the following can contribute to changes in allele frequencies except:

a. Mutations

b. Immigration

c. Emigration

d. Natural selection

e. Sexual recombination

Definition
e. Sexual recombination
Term

All of the following are types of plant stem excep:

a. Tendrils

b. Nodes

c. Tubers

d. Rhizomes

e. Corms

Definition
b. Nodes
Term
A gas that causes asphyxiation by binding to hemoglobin, thus preventing oxygen from doing so is:
Definition
Carbon monoxide
Term

Reguarding to taxonomic classification of man, what is his "family"?

 

Definition
Its family is Hominidae
Term
The diversification of mammals that followed the extinction of dinosaurs is an example of:
Definition
Adaptive radiation
Term

Which of the following factors exerts the most influence over limiting cell size?

a. A rigid cell wall

b. The ratio of surface area to volume of cytoplasm

c. The replication of mitochondria

d. The chemical composition of the cytoplasm

e. The chemical composition of the cell membrane

Definition
b. The ratio of the surface area to volume of cytoplasm
Term

When a hamburger is consumed by an individual, it passes through all of the following organs except the:

a. mouth

b. esophagus

c. salivary gland

d. stomach

e. small intestine

Definition
c. Salivary gland
Term
Who conducted early research into the process of genetic inheritance?
Definition
Gregor Mendel
Term

In order for a species to be established on an island it must have all of the following except:

a. a population large enough to ensure sucessiful reproduction

b. a food source for the species

c. a predator of the species

d. a suitable habitat

e. a source of moisture

Definition
c. a prediator of the species
Term
True or false?: Epithelial cells are involved in the immune system
Definition

false

(they are skin cells)

Term
In what way may a mass extinction event allow for diversification of species?
Definition
Mass extinction opens up ecological niches, making conditions favoriable for the establishment of new, diverse species.
Term
True or false?: Proteins contain magnesium
Definition
False
Term

Which of the following are in the phylum Chordata?

a. Crabs

b. Flat worms

c. Nematodes

d. Mollusks

e. Snakes

Definition
e. Snakes
Term
The process that releases energy for use by the cell is known as:
Definition
Cellular respiration
Term

The weakest type of chemical bond of those listed are:

a. ionic bonds

b. hydrogen bonds

c. double bonds

d. disulfide bonds

e. covalent bonds

Definition
b. hydrogen bonds
Term

All of the following are myths or misconceptions of Homo sapiens except:

a. Homo sapiens evolved from chimpanzees

b. There is a linear sequence or ladder of different primates that leads to Homo sapiens.

c. The large brain and uproght posture of Homo sapiens evolved together.

d. Chimpanzees are more closly related to Homo sapiens than to other apes

e.Homo sapiens evolved in North America 

Definition
d. Chimpanzees are more closly related to Homo sapiens than to other apes.
Term

The stomach secretes all of the following except:

a. digestive enzymes

b. hydrochloric acid

c. gastric juices

d. acetic acid

e. mucous

Definition
d. acetic acid
Term
Algae and protozoa are organisms within what kingdom?
Definition
Protista
Term
Plants and animals obtain usable nitrogen through the action of:
Definition
Nitrogen fixing by bacteria and lightning
Term
When the water pressure is equal inside and outside the cell it is said to be:
Definition
Isotonic
Term
Energy transformations that occur as chemicals are broken apart or synthesized within the cell are collectiavly known as:
Definition
Metabolism
Term
True or false?: Chlorophyll speeds the photosynthetic process, but is not required for photosynthesis to occur.
Definition
False
Term
The largest number of ATP molecules is formed by:
Definition
The electron transfer system
Term
Mutation:
Definition
Accidental change in genetic material
Term
Differential reproduction:
Definition
Best-adapted individuals are most the likely individuals to reproduce viable offspring 
Term
The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium:
Definition
In a population that is in equilibrium with its environment, gene frequencies and genotype ratios remain constant
Term
Allopatric speciation:
Definition
The evolution of two seperate species due to two populations being geographically isolated from eachother
Term
Gene migration:
Definition
The infiltration of a previously isolated group by a member of an adjacent population, resulting in the increase of genetic possibilities
Term
How does DNA produce particular genetic traits?
Definition
Through protein synthesis
Term
A single DNA strand that has the sequence GATACCA would be complemented by a strand of DNA with what sequence?
Definition
CTATGGT
Term
The longest of the two major periods of the cell cycle in which the cell is carrying on its primary function is known as:
Definition
Interphase
Term
Lysosomes:
Definition
Digestive organelles that also serve to break up dead cell material
Term
Free ribosomes:
Definition
Site of protein synthesis
Term
Endocytic vesicle:
Definition
Membrane sack that transports large molecules through the cell membrane
Term
Nucleus:
Definition
Site of reproduction
Term
Centriole:
Definition
Pinwheel arrangement of microtubules that form structural skeleton
Term

Normal skin colour in mice is dominant to albino. In the following question, N stands for normal skin colour and n for albino.

Three offspring of two normal skinned parents have normal skin, but one is albino. What must be true of the parents genetic makeup?

Definition
Both parents must have the Nn genotype.
Term

Normal skin colour in mice is dominant to albino. In the following question, N stands for normal skin colour and n for albino. Both parents have the genotype Nn.

If these two normal skined parents have eight offspring, approximately how many are likely to be albino?

Definition
2
Term
The albino offspring from the F1 generation described above (nn) produces one albino offspring and one normal offspring in the F2 generation. What must be the genotype of the albino's mate?
Definition
Nn
Term
What percentiage of the offspring of two albino parents would most likely be normal?
Definition
0%
Term
What are the chances that two normal parents each carrying recessive genes for albinism could have a heterozygous normal offspring?
Definition
1 out of 2
Term

Which of the following is not an energy storage molecule?

a. Cellulose

b. Ribonucleic acid

c. Starch

d. Lipid

e. Sugar

Definition
b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Term
The organelle of a cell that engages in both passive and active transport is the:
Definition
Cell (plasm) membrane
Term
Aggregate fruit:
Definition
Fused ovaries of a single flower (e.g. raspberry)
Term
Multiple fruit:
Definition
Several ovaries of seperate flowers (e.g. pineapple)
Term
Simple fruit:
Definition
Single ripened ovary (e.g. apple)
Term

Stem tissue includes all of the following except:

a. Vascular tissue

b. Xylem

c. Phloem

d. Cuticle

e. Sieve plates

Definition
d. Cuticle
Term
An ion that binds to an enzyme making it more able to catalyze a reaction is known as:
Definition
A prostetic group
Term
What type of tissue is made of stacked cells connected by sieve plates that allow nutrients to pass from cell to cell?
Definition
Phloem tissue
Term

All of the following characteristics of water make it valuable to living organisms except:

a. Transparency

b. Polarity

c. Lower density when solid than when liquid

d. High specific heat

e. pH of 11

Definition
e. pH of 11. Water's pH is 7 if the water is pure.
Term
Each ecosystem can support a certian number of organisms; this number is known as the:
Definition
Carrying capacity
Term
Many insects have special respiratory organs known as:
Definition
Spiracles
Term
What happens to most chemical pollutants that are accidentally ingested by a human?
Definition
They are broken down, mixed with broken down pigment molecules in the bile, and excreted in the feces.
Term
The process of forming egg and sperm cells in the reproductive organs is known as:
Definition
Gametogenesis
Term
The cells of a developing embryo (at the gastrula stage) differentiate into layers (called germ layers) that will later develop into various tissues and organs. Which layer will eventually form muscles, skeletal organs, and the circulatory, respiratory, reproductive, and excretory systems?
Definition
Mesoderm
Term
Circadian rhythm:
Definition
Cycle of daily behavior based on an internal clock and envoronmental clues
Term
Altruism:
Definition
Behavior that benefits the group at the individual's expense
Term
Fixed action pattern:
Definition
Innate behavior that is independent of the environment
Term
Habituation:
Definition
Learned behavior that results in not responding to a stimulus
Term
Imprinting:
Definition
Behavior learned only during a critical period of an organisms life
Term
The physical place where a particular organism lives is called its:
Definition
Habitat
Term
A ______ is a length of DNA (with corresponding histones) that is responsible for the production of a particular protein that causes a particular trait to be expressed in an organism.
Definition
Gene
Term

All of the following are requirements of the habitat of an apple tree except:

a. Soil quality

b. Available sunlight

c. Seasonal temperature fluctuations

d. Amount of rainfall

e. Role in the food chain

Definition
e. Role in the food chain
Term
Sugars synthesized by photosynthesis travel through _____ ______ to various parts of the plant.
Definition
Vascular bundles
Term

Which of the following environmental factors is not recycled?

a. Nitrogen

b. Carbon

c. Phosphorus

d. Water

e. Silicon

Definition
e. Silicon
Term
As energy is transferred from the trophic levels, some energy:
Definition
Becomes unusuable
Term
Channels in cell membranes that carry water between cells are called:
Definition
Plasmodesmata
Term
True or false?: Gaseous phosphorous is absorbed from the atmosphere by plant leaves.
Definition
False
Term
A bilayer of phospholipids with protein globules interspersed is characteristic of which of what organelle?
Definition
Cell membrane
Term
A pond ecosystem has sharp boundaries at the shorelines. The sharp boundary of an ecosystem is known as:
Definition
An ecotone
Term
Paleozoic:
Definition
Began with the Cambrian explosion, representatives of most modern phyla present
Term
Precambrian:
Definition
Fossilized burrows found in rocks of this age indicate the development of multicellular animals but only with soft parts
Term
Mesozoic:
Definition
This era ended with the extinction of dinosaurs & includes the so-called Age of Fishes because of the extensive radiation of fish.
Term
Cenozoic:
Definition
This era includes the radiation of angiosperms
Term
What cell organelle is known as the cell's "powerhouse" because it produces energy for the cell's use?
Definition
Mitochondrion
Term

Which one of the following statements about cells is not true?

a. All living things are made of one or more cells.

b. Cells may be seen with a microscope

c. Cells are the basic units of life

d. All cells come from pre-existing cells

e. All cells have cell walls

Definition
e. All cells have cell walls
Term
Alveoli:
Definition
Surrounded by capillaries that allow for carbon dioxide to diffuse into the lungs and oxygen to diffuse out.
Term
Trachea:
Definition
Includes the larynx and the glottis
Term
Bronchi:
Definition
Branched tubes that lead to lungs
Term
Larynx:
Definition
Contains the vocal chords
Term
Pharynx:
Definition
Between the nasal passage and the trachea
Term
The bee belongs to what phylum?
Definition
Arthropoda
Term
What is a polymer of amino acids?
Definition
Lactase
Term
Vertebrates with no jaws belong to the super-class:
Definition
Aganatha
Term
The synthesis of ATP molecules to store energy is an example of:
Definition
Anabolism
Term

Each of the following reactons may occus after glycolysis except:

a. photolysis

b. aerobic respiration

c. the Krebs cycle

d. the electron transport cycle

e. fermentation

Definition
a. Photolysis
Term
What structure provides rigidity to plant cells but not to animal cells?
Definition
Cell walls
Term
Nonvascular plants:
Definition
Bryophytes
Term
Angiosperms:
Definition
Flowering plants, monocots & dicots
Term
Gymnosperms:
Definition
Produce seeds without flowers, conifers and cycads
Term

Which of the following represents an opportunistic life strategy (r-selection)?

a. Lichens invade a bare rock area after a volcanic eruption

b. Coniferous trees spread to an adjacent area

c. Lightning wipes out a forest of dediduous trees

d. A species of mice emigrate into a forest community.

e. Broad-leaf trees flourish during the rainy season

Definition
a. Lichens invade a bare rock area after a volcanic eruption
Term

Which of the following parts of the nervious system are matched with the wrong function?

a. forebrain - controls olfactory lobes (smell)

b. cerebrum - controls function of involuntary muscle

c. hypothalamus - controls hunger and thirst

d. cerebellum - controls balance and muscle coordination

e. midbrain - contains optic lobes, controls sight

Definition

b. cerebrum - controls function of involuntary muscle

(the cerebrum controls sensory and motor responses, and it controls memory, speech, and intelligence factors)

Term
True or false?: The cell theory states that anaerobic cells existed before aerobic cells.
Definition

False

(Though this statement is accurate, it is not a part of the cell theory)

Term
True or false?: Nitrogen is absorbed into ocean water making it available to organisms.
Definition

False

 

Term

Which of the following statements about enzymes is not true?

a. High temperatures destroy most enzymes

b. Enzymes only function within living cells

c. An enzyme is unaffected by the reactions it catalyzes, so it can be used over and over again

d. Enzymes are usually very specific to certian reactions

e. Some enzymes contain a non-protein component that is essential for their function

Definition
b. Enzymes only function within living cells
Term
Scurvy is a desease caused by a lack of vitamin C in which the body is unable to build enough collagen (a major component of connective tissue). The most plausable explination for this malfunction is:
Definition
Vitamin C is a coenzyme required in the synthesis of collagen
Term
In ferns, the individual we generally recognize as an adult fern is really which structure?
Definition
A mature sporophyte
Term
Tundra:
Definition
Extreme cold, low precipitation, modified grassland, permafrost
Term
Desert:
Definition
Extreme hear or cold, sparse vegetation, very low preciptation, reptiles
Term
Savanna:
Definition
Warm temperatures, moderate precipitation, grassland
Term
When a stem bends towards the light, it is due to:
Definition
The migration of auxin toward the dark side of the shoot tip
Term

The theory of punctuated equilibrium assumes that:

I. There are periods of stability during which little evolutionary change occurs

II. Speciation can occur rapidly over a very short period of time

III. Evolution occurs gradually within lineages

Of the three above, which are correct?

Definition
I & II
Term
Hemophilia is a desease caused by a sex-linked recessive gene on the X chromosome; therefore:
Definition
Mothers can pass the gene with probability to either a son or daughter.
Term
Because fungi can obtain nutrients from non-living organic matter, they are reffered to as:
Definition
Saprophytic
Term
Restriction enzymes are used in genetic research to:
Definition
Cleave DNA molecules at certian sites
Term

Select the most abundant element of protoplasm from the following choices:

a. Calcium

b. Carbon

c. Phosphorus

d. Sulfer

e. Zinc

Definition
b. Carbon
Term
The site of photosynthetic reactions within plant cells is the stacked disk-like plates embedded within the stroma of the chloroplast known as:
Definition
Grana
Term
Density-independent factors:
Definition
Abiotic limiting factors
Term
Range:
Definition
Total area occupied by a particular species
Term
Emigration:
Definition
Permanent one-way movement out of the original range
Term
Competition:
Definition
Organisms with overlapping niches when resources are in short supply are in this state
Term
Carrying capacity:
Definition
Maximum population level where a population will continue to thrive
Term
The combination of DNA with histones is called:
Definition
Chromatin
Term
A corn seed is planted and left to grow. After three weeks no sprout has appeared. What most likely happened?
Definition
The weather was too cold and dry
Term
After a forest fire, a meadow community develops and later is replaced by a temperate forest community. This process is called:
Definition
Succession
Term
Give an equation for a replacement reaction:
Definition
AB + C ---> AC + B
Term
The molecule that stores energy short-term in muscle and liver tissue is:
Definition
Glycogen
Term

Which of the following statements is true?:

a. Primary consumers are mostly carnivores

b. Bacteria recycle nutrients from organisms they decompose

c. Secondary consumers are mostly herbivores

d. There are exactly five trophic levels in every food chain

e. Omnivores ear more than one type animal but no plants

Definition
b. Bacteria recycle nutrients from organisms they decompose
Term

Which system is found only in vertebrates?:

a. Gas exchange (respiratory) system

b. Circulatory

c. Muscoskeletal

d. Nervious

e. Excretory

Definition
c. Muscoskeletal
Term

Multiple sclerosis is a desease that destroys the myelin sheath around nerve bodies. All of the following would be affected by losing the myelin sheath except:

a. nerve tissue loses its white colour

b. nerve impulses are impaired

c. sensory input is increased

d. senses such as sight may be adversely affected

e. control of muscle function may be lost

Definition
c. sensory input is increased
Term

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) provide what ecological function?

 

Definition
Combining nitrogen with hydrogen forming ammonium ions
Term
Nerves that transmit impulses from the central nervous system to skeletal muscle are called:
Definition
Somatic motor nerves
Term
Energy flows through the food chain from:
Definition
Producers to consumers to decomposers
Term

Which group contains organisms with prokaryotic cells?

a. Protista

b. Archaea

c. Fungi

d. Plantae

e. Animalia

Definition
b. Archaea
Term

All of the following are organs of the excretory system except:

a. Skin

b. Heart

c. Liver

d. Lungs

e. Kidneys

Definition
b. Heart
Term
A person who has been excerizing vigorously begins to sweat and breathe quickly. These reactions are involuntary responses known as:
Definition
Feedback controls
Term

Which of the following is not a part of a DNA molecule?

a. Nucleotide

b. Sugar

c. Phosphate group

d. Nitrogen base

e. An alchol

Definition
e. An alchol
Term
The first person to use the term "cells" as he described the appearance of cell walls and spaces within organic matter (cork) was:
Definition
Robert Hooke
Term
Temporary movement of a species from one range to another then back to the original is known as:
Definition
Migration
Term
Amphibia:
Definition
The animals in this group (extinct and living) are the first tetrapods, are ectotherms, and use the skin as an important organ for respiration
Term
Reptilia:
Definition
The derived characteristic of this group is the amniotic egg.
Term
Chondrichthyes:
Definition
These are called the cartilaginous fish
Term
Aves:
Definition
These animals have long bones that are light-weight due to increased air content, are endotherms, and lay eggs.
Term
Mammalia:
Definition
Two characteristics of this group are hair and mammary glands
Term
In the 1700's the French scientist Lamarck proposed the idea that animals developed characteristics over the course of their lives that help them to adapt to their environment. These characteristics are then passed on to the next generation and adapted further. This now discredited theory (which was replaced by Darwin's model of natural selection) is known as the theory of:
Definition
Acquired characteristics
Term
One of Mendel's experiments involved pea plant color and pea plant height. He wanted to determine whether all green plants would be tall, if the parent plant was green and tall. In these experiments, Mendel demonstrated that traits are not always inherited together; that is, the pea plant could be green and tall or green and short, yellow and tall or yellow and short. This demonstrated Mendel's: 
Definition
Law of Independent Assortment
Term
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme vital to the production of the prostaglandins, but also contributes to the inflammation of joints in medical conditions such as arthritis. New medications that block the production of prostaglandins by COX-2 enzymes and thereby relieve the symptoms of arthritis are a type of:
Definition
Chemical inhibitor
Term
Stem:
Definition
Supports the leaves so that they are exposed to sunlight & is also the organ that transports food and water.
Term
Shoot apex:
Definition
Meristem tissue in region of elongation at the top of the plant.
Term
Lateral buds:
Definition
New leaves
Term
Node:
Definition
Location on the stem where new leaves sprout.
Term
What is the most likely outcome when the gene frequency within a given population remains constant?
Definition
Evolution will not take place in this population
Term

Which group has members that were most likely to have evolved earlier than members of any of the other groups?

a. Protista

b. Plantae

c. Eubacteria

d. Animalia

e. Fungi

Definition
c. Eubacteria
Term
When a yellow pea plant is crossed with a green pea plant, all the offspring are yellow. The law that best explains this is:
Definition
The Law of Dominance
Term

All of the following about viruses are true except:

a. Viruses often kill their host cell

b. Viruses consist of a protein capsule, DNA, RNA, and sometimes enzymes.

c. Viruses cannot carry on metabolic functions without a host organism

d. Viruses can only reproduce themselves when they are in a host cell

e. Scientists are agreed that viruses are the smallest living organism.

Definition
e. Scientists are agreed that viruses are the smallest living organism.
Term

All of the following re members of the phylum Chordata except:

a. Snail

b. Crocodile

c. Trout

d. Platypus

e. Whooping crane

Definition
a. Snail
Term

All of the following may inhibit enzymatic reactions except:

a. Temperature

b. pH level

c. Particular chemical agents

d. Lack of substrate

e. Excess of substrate

Definition
e. Excess of substrate
Term

Which of the following statements is not true about electrons?:

a. Electrons have a negative charge

b. Electrons have greater mass than neutrons

c. Electrons are found orbiting the nucleus of atoms

d. The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in an uncharged atom

e. An atom's valence number is the number of electrons in its highest energy level.

Definition
b. Electrons have greater mass than neutrons
Term

Which of the following experimental evidence was not considered to support the Oparin Hypothesis?:

a. Amino acids can be produced in the laboratory by exposing simple inorganic molecules to electrical charge

b. Guanine can be formed in the laboratory by thermal polymerization of amino acids.

c. Ultraviolet light induces the formation of dipeptides from amino acids in labratory experiments

d. In the laboratory, proteins are not useful as catalysts, indicating that early proteins were stable

e. Phosphoric acid increases the yield of polymers in the laboratory, simulating the role of ATP in protein synthesis

Definition
d. In the laboratory, proteins are not useful as catalysts, indicating that early proteins were stable
Term
Most photosynthesis occurs in the uppermost layer of mesophyll tissue that contains vertically aligned cells with numerous chloroplasts. This layer is called:
Definition
The palisade layer
Term

All of the following are lipids except:

a. fat

b. steroid

c. triglyceride

d. wax

e. cellulose

Definition
e. cellulose
Term
A double-helix structure is characteristic of which molecule(s)?
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Term

The female plant structure includes all of the following parts except:

a. Ovary

b. Style

c. Stigma

d. Filament

e. Ovules

Definition
d. Filament
Term
In order to clearly view the organelles of the cell you must use:
Definition
An electron microscope
Term
Mitochondria are likely to be most abundant in what type of tissue?
Definition
Cardiac tissue
Term
Photosynthesis would not proceed without these structures that allow moisture and gases to pass in and out of the leaf:
Definition
Stomata
Term
In which state of interphase are the centrioles replicated and proteins necessary for cell division synthesized?
Definition
G2 phase
Term
Cytochromes (pigment molecules that are found on the cristae of mitochondria) are the site of what process?
Definition
The electron transfer cycle
Term

The first cells to evolve on Earth were most likely all of the following except:

a. anaerobic

b. specialized

c. prokaryotic

d. aquatic

e. similar to bacteria

Definition
b. spealized
Term

Which of the following are contained in both plant and animal cells?

a. Chloroplasts

b. Ribosomes

c. Cell wall

d. Grana

e. Stroma

Definition
b. Ribosomes
Term
A mistake in the replication of DNA is known as a:
Definition
Mutation
Term
The organelle that takes up the most surface area in a plant cell is:
Definition
The central vacuole
Term
Vitamin D is an example of:
Definition
A coenzyme
Term
The green color in plants is due to:
Definition
Chlorophyll
Term

Which of the following is not characteristic of a cell membrane?

a. 500-1000 nanometers thick

b. Can be viewed only with an electron microscope

c. Embeded protein globules

d. Double phospholibid layer

e. Semi-permeable

Definition
a. 500-1000 nanometers thick
Term

In glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is broken down into all of the following except:

a. Pyruvic acid

b. ATP

c. CO2

d. H+

e. NADH

Definition
c. CO2
Term

All of the following are part of the transcripition step on protein synthesis except:

a. DNA molecule "unzips", exposing a sequence of nucleotides that corresponds to a certain amino acid or protein.

b. RNA polymerase matches RNA nucleotides to their corresponding DNA nucleotides

c. mRNA strand is formed as RNA nucleotides join together and uncoil from DNA

d. Ribosome attaches to start codon on mRNA

e. mRNA migrates to cytoplasm

Definition
d. Ribosome attaches to start codon on mRNA
Term
Nuclear pore:
Definition
Communication channel between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
Term
Microvilli:
Definition
Extensions that provide extra surface area for absorption & contain digestive enzymes
Term
Secretory vesicle:
Definition
Packets that carry substances (hormones, fats, etc.) synthesized within the cell.
Term
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum:
Definition
network of membranes that deliver lipids and proteins throughout the cytoplasm
Term

in snapdragons, a red flower crossed with a white flower produces a pink flower. In this illustration, R stands for red color and W for white color. The Punnett square for a cross between a white snapdragon and a red snapdragon is shown here:

                 Cr      Cr

             Cw CrCw CrCw

             Cw CrCw CrCw

The cross illustrated in this Punnett square is an example of:

 

 

Definition
Incomplete dominance
Term

in snapdragons, a red flower crossed with a white flower produces a pink flower. In this illustration, R stands for red color and W for white color. The Punnett square for a cross between a white snapdragon and a red snapdragon is shown here:

                 Cr      Cr

             Cw CrCw CrCw

             Cw CrCw CrCw

The symbol CrCw represents what?

Definition
The genotype for pink
Term

in snapdragons, a red flower crossed with a white flower produces a pink flower. In this illustration, R stands for red color and W for white color. The Punnett square for a cross between a white snapdragon and a red snapdragon is shown here:

                 Cr      Cr

             Cw CrCw CrCw

             Cw CrCw CrCw

In this cross, both parents have genotypes that are:

Definition
Homozygous for color
Term

in snapdragons, a red flower crossed with a white flower produces a pink flower. In this illustration, R stands for red color and W for white color. The Punnett square for a cross between a white snapdragon and a red snapdragon is shown here:

                 Cr      Cr

             Cw CrCw CrCw

             Cw CrCw CrCw

True or false?: Neither parent of the red snapdragon could be white

Definition
True
Term

in snapdragons, a red flower crossed with a white flower produces a pink flower. In this illustration, R stands for red color and W for white color. The Punnett square for a cross between a white snapdragon and a red snapdragon is shown here:

                 Cr      Cr

             Cw CrCw CrCw

             Cw CrCw CrCw

If the two heterozygous offspring (CrCw) of this cross are bred, what will be the ratio of phenotypes of the offspring?

Definition
1 red: 2 pink: 1 white
Term
The exothermic breakdown of ATP into ADP plus a phosphate group is an example of:
Definition
Catabolism
Term
Connective tissue:
Definition
Covers the outside of internal organs
Term
Epithelial tissue:
Definition
Lines the interior of internal organs
Term
Cartilage tissue:
Definition
Reduces friction between bones
Term
Adipose tissue:
Definition
Insulates and cushions
Term
Blood tissue
Definition
Fights infection, transports wastes
Term

Which of the following is part of the alimentary canal?

a. Artery

b. Sinus

c. Vagus nerve

d. Bronchus

e. Mouth

Definition
e. Mouth
Term
The modern synthesis concept of evolution stresses that:
Definition
Evolution represents gradual change in traits across populations
Term
Regulatory genes are responsible for coding the proteins that:
Definition
Determine the sequence of neural development
Term
Vertebrates that consume large amount of vegetation and chew cud are known as:
Definition
Ruminants
Term

All of the following are steps of photosynthesis except:

a. Chlorophyll is absorbed through plants roots

b. During photolysis a photon of light is absorbed by the chlorophyll phgment, which then is in an excited state

c. Water is separated into hydrogen and oxygen atoms

d. An ADP molecule is phosphorylated to ATP

e. CO2 is linked with the hydrogen forming glucose (known as the dark reaction)

Definition
a. Chlorophyll is absorbed through plants roots
Term

Which of the following embryonic membranes is matched correctly with its function?

a. yolk sac - heart protection

b. allantois - gas exchange

c. Chorion - food storage

d. Amnion - energy transfer

e. Peritoneum - cushions the embryo

Definition
b. allantois - gas exchange
Term
Altruism:
Definition
Social behaviors in which an organism values the needs of the society over its own individual needs
Term
Imprinting:
Definition
Learned behavior developed in a sensitive period of an organism's life, usually involves learning a new releaser for an established FAP (fixed action pattern)
Term
Genetic engineering:
Definition
Intentional alteration of genetic material of an organism
Term
Temperate grassland:
Definition
Moderate seasonal temperatures, low precipitation most of the year, grassland, shrubs, rodents, carnivores
Term
Temperate deciduous forest:
Definition
Many trees (that lose leaves in cold season), mosses, grasses, shrubs, abundant animal life, moderate rainfall, moderate seasonal temperatures
Term
Chaparral:
Definition
Hot summers, temperate winters, precipitation varies from low in summer to high in winter, trees, shrubs, small animals, prolonged summer
Term
In which step of the nitrogen cycle do bacteria and fungi break excess nitrates back into their elements and release elemental nitrogen back into the atmosphere?
Definition
Denitrification
Term
The father of our modern taxonomic key was:
Definition
Carolus Linnaeus
Term

The leaves of an Easter lilly have parallel veins. The Easter lily will have all of the following except:

a. seeds with double cotyledons

b. vascular bundles arranged randomly in its stem

c. roots that are fibrous

d. flower that has three petals

e. grows from a monocot seed

Definition
a. seeds with double cotyledons
Term
ATP is known as the energy currency of cellular activity because:
Definition

I. The amount of energy stored in a carbohydrate molecule is more than is usable by a single cell

II. ATP can be broken down into ADP plus a phosphate group yielding a small packet of energy usable by a cell

III. ATP contains three high-energy bonds making it an efficient energy storage molecule

IV. Green plants produce ATP molecules during photosynthesis

Term

Which of the following is characteristic of an equilibreal life strategy (k-selection)?

a. Short maturation time

b. Long life span

c. Asexual reproduction

d. Do not parent young

e. Large number of offspring

Definition
b. Long life span
Term

All of the following are true about glycolysis except:

a. Glycolysis breakes down glucose into smaller molecules

b. Glycolysis only occurs in plant cells

c. The process of respiration always begins with glycolysis

d. Glycolyis yields energy

Definition
b. Glycolysis only occurs in plant cells
Term

Plants may use any of the following structures for vegetative propagation except:

a. Cones

b. Tubers

c. Rhizomes

d. Bulbs

e. Stolens

Definition
a. Cones
Term
What hormone regulares the opening and closing of stomata as well as the formation of winter buds?
Definition
Abscisic acid
Term
Structural genes are responsible for coding the proteins necessary for:
Definition
Synthesizing epithelial tissue
Term

Which of the following eras in the geological time scale is correctly matched to the type of animal that dominated it?

a. Cenozoic - Age of reptiles

b. Mesozoic - Are of amphibians

c. Paleozoic - Age of fish

d. Mesozoic - Age of marine invertebrates

e. Precambrian - Age of mammals

Definition
c. Paleozoic - Age of fish
Term

Darwin's theory of natural selection includes all of the following stipulations except:

a. Every organism produces more organisms that can survive

b. Due to competition, not all organisms survive

c. Some organisms are more fit, i.e. they are able to survive better in the environment

d. The difference in survivability is due to variations between organisms

e. Variation is due, at least in part, to mutations

Definition

e. Variation is due, at least in part, to mutations

(though this is true, Darwin did not include it in his theory of natural selection)

Term
The filtering of inhaled debris that travels through the upper respiratory tract occurs through the action of:
Definition
Cilia
Term
Name a disease caused by a protozoa:
Definition
Malaria
Term
Water's ability to regulate environmental temperatures within a small range conducive to life is partially due to its:
Definition
High heat capacity
Term

Which if the following is not a cofactor?

a. Mn2+

b. NAD+

c. ATP

d. FAD

e. ascorbic acid

Definition
c. ATP
Term
Homosporous:
Definition
Plant that produces only one type of spore
Term
Spore:
Definition
The haploid product of a sporophyte
Term
Sporophyte:
Definition
The diploid generation, it becomes more dominant in the evolution of plants
Term
Sporangia:
Definition
The multicellular structure that produces megaspores and microspores
Supporting users have an ad free experience!