Term
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Definition
| a nonliving particle made up of genetic material and a protein coat that can invade living cells |
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Term
| Are viruses living or nonliving? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why aren't viruses considered to be living? |
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Definition
| they don't have all the characteristics of life, cytoplasm, or organelles, but they do have genetic material (RNA or DNA) but they cannot reproduce outside their host cell |
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Term
| Who discovered the Tobacco Mosaic Virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the protein coat contained in viruses called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNA and is capable of reproducing only when inside a host cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the diseases viruses cause? |
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Definition
| smallpox, measles, mononucleosis, influenza, colds, warts, AIDS |
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Term
| What are viruses that attack bacteria called? |
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Definition
| bacteriophage or just phage |
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Term
| What are the two types of viral replication? |
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Definition
| lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle |
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Term
| What are the 5 steps of the lytic cycle? |
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Definition
| attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, assembly, and release |
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Term
| What does the lysogenic cycle allow viruses to do? |
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Definition
| hide in their host cell for days, months, or years (latent) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two kingdoms of bacteria? |
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Definition
| archaebacteria and eubacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| found in harsh environments (undersea volcanic vents, acidic hot springs, salty water) |
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Term
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Definition
| called the true bacteria and was the monera kingdom in the five kingdom system |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of bacteria (structure)? |
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Definition
-microscopic prokaryotes
-no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
-unicellular
-many act as decomposers recycling nutrients
-some cause disease |
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Term
| What is useful bacteria useful for? |
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Definition
| degrading oil, making yogurt, cheese, and buttermilk |
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Term
| What are the shapes used to classify bacteria? |
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Definition
| bacillus, coccus, and spirillum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three subdivisions of the Bacterial Kingdoms? |
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Definition
| methanogens, thermoacidophiles, and extreme halophiles |
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Term
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Definition
-found in swamps, sewage treatment plants, digestive tracts of animals
-break down cellulose in a cow's stomach
-produce march (methane)gas |
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Term
| What are extreme halophiles? |
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Definition
-live in very salty water
-use salt to generate ATP |
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Term
| Whatare thermoacidophiles or thermophiles? |
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Definition
-live in extremely hot environments
-found in volcanic vents, hot springs, cracks on ocean floor that leak acid |
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Term
| What are two characteristics of True bacteria? |
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Definition
-most are heterotrophic (can't make their own food)
-identified by Gram staining |
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Term
| Who developed Gram staining? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the characterisitcs of Gram Negative Bacteria? |
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Definition
| stain pink or reddish, hard to treat with antibiotics |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Gram Positive Bacteria? |
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Definition
| stains purple, easy to treat with anitbiotics |
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Term
| What are 2 modes of nutrition? |
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Definition
| photosyntheisis and chemosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| use of sunlight to make food |
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Term
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Definition
| to oxidize inorganic matter such as iron or sulfur to make food |
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Term
| What are the three methods of respiration? |
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Definition
| obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes |
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Term
| What is obligate aerobes? |
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Definition
| require O2 (turberculosis bacteria) |
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Term
| What is obligate anaerobes? |
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Definition
| die of O2 is present (tetanus) |
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Term
| What is facultative anaerobes? |
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Definition
| don't need O2, but aren't killed by it (E. Colli) |
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Term
| What are the 2 ways bacteria can reproduce? |
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Definition
| asexually by binary fission and sexually by conjugation |
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Term
| How does bacteria reproduce sexually by conjugation? |
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Definition
| form a tube between 2 bacteria to exchange genetic material |
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Term
| When do endospores form in bacteria? |
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Definition
| whenever habitat conditions become harsh (little food) |
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Term
| What is difficult to destroy and heat resistant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kingdom do protists belong to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Protista Kingdom contain? |
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Definition
| over 6000 species, many features of those of plants, animals, or fungi, and are unicellular |
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Term
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Definition
| have organelles inside their cell |
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Term
| What are the three categories of protists? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are animal-like protists called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are plant like protists called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does protozoan mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are protozoans divided? |
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Definition
| into 4 groups based on how they move |
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Term
| What are the 4 groups of protozoans? |
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Definition
| Protozans with pseudopods, cilia, flagella, or other |
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Term
| What is a protozoan with pseudopods called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does pseudopods mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are protozoans with cilia called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are protozoans with flagella called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are oher protozoans called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are protozoans that reproduce by forming spores and are a protozoan that is a parasite and lives in blood (may cause malaria)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are all sporozoans parasites? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do sporozoans live? |
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Definition
| in the blood of their enemies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are plant-like protists that use sunlight to make food, produce nearly half of the world's carbohydrates, and release oxygen as they make food? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is giant seaweed called and used for? |
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Definition
| kelp, harvested and used to thicken foods |
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Term
| What kingdom does Fungi belong in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in water, soil, in or on other organisms including humans |
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Term
| What are you eating when you eat mushrooms or bread made with yeast? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does fungi move from place to place? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are absorbative heterotrophs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some fungi called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fungi that absorbs food from decaying organic matter |
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Term
| How does fungi reproduce? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| by producing fine tube-like threads called hyphae |
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Term
| What is a mass of hyphae called and what does it look like? |
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Definition
| mycelium, white and fuzzy |
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