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| Conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. |
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| The organelle responsible for photosynthesis. |
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| Light dependent reactions; membranous sacs in the chloroplast. |
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| Carbon capture; fluid in the chloroplast. |
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| Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is a green pigment found in almost all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. |
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| An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
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| Cellular respiration is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP. |
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| A parent cell gives rise to two daughter cells. |
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| Splitting of a bacteria cell into two cells. |
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| Entire set of stained chromosomes from a single cell. |
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| Proteins that tightly wind DNA, etc. |
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| Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell. |
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| Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes that contain the same genes, but may have different alleles for those genes. In a homologous pair, one chromosome comes from the mother and the other from the father. |
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| Sister chromatids are 2 identical copies of a chromatin connected by a centromere; contain the same genes. |
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| Organism with two of each chromosome; one inherited from the mother and another from the father. |
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| Occurs during Prophase 1; homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic material during this phase. |
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| A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic. |
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| An allele is an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. |
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| Having identical alleles. |
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| Not having identical alleles. |
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| A true breeding organism, sometimes also called a pure-bred, is an organism having certain biological traits which are passed on to all subsequent generations when bred with another true breeding organism for the same traits. |
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| An allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different. |
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| An allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical. |
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| The genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits. |
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| The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
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| Dominance in genetics is a non-linear relationship between different forms (alleles) of a gene and the resultant phenotype. |
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| Heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes. |
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| A genetic carrier (or just carrier), is a person or other organism that has inherited a genetic trait or mutation, but who does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease. |
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| X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated. |
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| A polygenic trait is a trait controlled by many (poly) genes. |
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