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| The scientific study of heredity is called ____________ |
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Definition
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| any characteristic that can be passed from parents to offspring is called a ________ |
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| Who was the father of genetics? |
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| Give some facts about Mendel |
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Definition
* Austrian monk
* began work in 1850's
* used garden pea plants |
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| What 3 reasons did Mendel choose to work with pea plants? |
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Definition
* structure of flower
* distinctive traits - 7
* rapid reproduction cycle |
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Term
| What is another name for a purebred? |
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Definition
| Homozygous (the same alleles) |
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| What is another name for a hybrid? |
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Definition
| Heterozygous - has different alleles |
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| How many pea plant traits did Mendel study? |
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Definition
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| What does hybrid mean? (heterozygous) |
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Definition
| mixing dominant and recessive traits |
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| Sections of chromosomes that code for a trait are called ________. |
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| two different alleles - heterozygous |
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| Characteristics that something has |
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| What is a trait that can be hidden called? |
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| Structures in the nucleus that contain heredity material are called _____ |
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| A dominant disease is likely to be hidden in a family only to appear in a future generation. true or false |
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Definition
| False - dominant alleles are shown |
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| Pea plants can reproduce every _____ days |
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| What did Mendel's first generation F1 look like? |
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| What did Mendel's F2 generation look like? |
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| What did Mendel hypothesize his crosses would look like? |
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Definition
| mixture of yellow and green offspring |
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Term
| What are sections of chromosomes that code for a trait called? |
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Definition
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Term
| An alternate form of the same gene for a given trait is called a(n) _____. |
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| The expressed form of a trait that usually masks the recessive allele is called the ______ |
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Definition
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| The form of a trait that is typically masked by the dominant allele is called the ______ allele |
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| Sections of chromosomes that code for traits Ex. hair color, skin color |
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Definition
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Term
| Different forms of a gene are called ______ |
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| Usually one gene has _____ alleles. |
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Definition
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Term
| The dominant allele is represented by a _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The recessive allele is represented by a lower case letter of the _____ |
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Term
| An organisms genetic make up is called its _____ |
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Definition
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| The outward expression (appearance) of an allele or alleles is called its _______ |
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Term
| Another word for hybrid is ____ |
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Definition
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| Another word for purebred is ____ |
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Term
T or F
There is no way to predict which allele will be given to offspring. |
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Definition
True - 50% 50%
Law of Segregation |
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Term
| What is used to predict how alleles can combine? |
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Definition
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| Means one genetic cross with a single pair of genes |
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What do these mean? T = Tall t = short
TT, Tt, tt |
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Definition
Homozygous tall= TT
heterozygous tall = Tt
homozygous short = tt |
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What is the phenotype? T = Tall
TT x Tt |
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What is the genotype? T = Tall
TT x tt |
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What is the phenotype? B = Black
BB x bb = |
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Definition
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Term
| Law of Independent assortment states ... |
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Definition
| alleles and genes separate randomly and separately from each other |
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Term
| What is a genetic cross involving two pair of genes (2 traits) called? |
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Term
| What Law states the dominant allele is expressed and the recessive allele can be hidden? |
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Definition
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| When do you see the recessive allele in a cross? |
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Definition
| When it is homozygous recessive |
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| What is the phenotype of a black (Bb) cat? |
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Definition
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| What is the genotype of a b1ack (BB) cat? |
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Term
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Definition
Mixing of 2 alleles, also known as incomplete dominance
Example: white x red = pink |
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Term
| How many boxes are in a monohybrid cross? |
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Definition
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| How many boxes are in a dyhybrid cross? |
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Definition
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| Can an animals' genotype be influenced by its environment? Yes or NO |
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Definition
| yes - if it doesn't get the proper nutrition, it can't meet its full ability to grow |
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| Can a person's phenotype be influenced by its environment? |
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Definition
| Yes - acquired characteristics |
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Term
| How can probability be written? |
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Definition
| fraction, decimal, percentage |
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Term
T or F
By doing a punnett square, you can determine the actual offspring of an animal or plant. |
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Definition
| False - it is only a predictor |
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Term
| What is used to make a prediction of a possible genetic outcome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Homozygous recessive organism is used to determine if a parent is homozygous or heterozygous |
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Term
| What do scientists use to study human inheritance? |
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Definition
| family trees and family histories |
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Term
| What chart shows how a trait and the genes that control it are inherited? |
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Definition
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Term
| A person who carries a recessive trait is called a ______ |
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Definition
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| To receive a homozygous recessive trait, ______ |
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Definition
| both parents must be carriers of the gene |
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Term
| Most genetic disorders are caused by _____ |
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Definition
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| The disease where a person can not breakdown fat; therefore it accumulates in the brain is called _____ |
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Definition
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| The disease where the body produces thick mucus is called _____ |
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Definition
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| The disease where a person has little to NO skin pigment is called _____ |
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| What is it called where the blood cells are formed differently and can't carry enough oxygen? |
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Definition
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| What does Huntington Disease cause? |
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Definition
| Breakdown of nervous system especially brain |
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| People who provide parents with information about passing on genetic disorders are called____ |
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| Can PKU be treated? If so, how? |
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| When neither allele is expressed over the other it is called _____ |
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Definition
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| Where both alleles are expressed equally in an organism it is called ____ |
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Definition
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| Traits controlled by 2 or more genes are called ______ traits |
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| When a single gene can affect more than 1 trait is called _____ |
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| When there are more than 2 possible alleles in a population it is called _____ |
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Term
| Can the environment affect a person's genotype and phenotype? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease do more Jewish people have that we discussed in class? |
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Definition
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| What disease do more African American people have that we discussed in class? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to represent a dominant trait? |
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Definition
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Term
| What expressed form of a trait usually hides another allele? |
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Definition
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Term
| Did Mendel accurately predict the outcome of his F1 and F2 crosses? |
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Definition
| NO _ He thought the offspring would blend the yellow and green colors together |
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Term
| Why was Mendel a good person to study genetics? |
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Definition
| He loved math and formulas |
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Term
| A plant with a genotype of Rr is ___ |
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| Any observable trait is the individual's ______. |
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Definition
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| T or F An organism that have the same phenotype must have the same genotype. |
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Definition
False - Phenotype is appearance
Genotype is genetic |
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Term
| What is the mathematical chance that something will happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can you do if you don't know if an animal is homozygous or heterozygous for a trait? |
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Definition
| do a test cross - homozygous recessive |
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Term
Bb x Bb
What is the genotypic ratio? |
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Definition
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Term
Bb x Bb
What is the phenotypic ratio? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes most genetic disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease produces a thick mucus in the lungs, intestines, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| What age do Cystic Fibrosis people usually live until? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long do Tay sachs people live until? |
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Definition
| usually die at a young age |
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Term
| Why is it called sickle cell? |
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Definition
| blood cells actually look like a 1/2 moon |
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Term
| Why does the sickle cell disease cause problems? |
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Definition
| shape of blood cell hangs up in circulatory system and they can't carry the oxygen like other red blood cells can |
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