Term
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Definition
| the smallest unit of life that can carry out all the functions of a living thing |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of one cell, therefore it is called __________ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why do cells have different shapes? |
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Definition
| Because their shape is related to its function. |
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Term
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Definition
| * he saw empty chambers in cork that reminded him of small rooms or cells in a monastery |
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Term
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Definition
states that ...
* cells are the basic unit of life
* all organisms are made of one or more cells
* all cells arise from existing cells |
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Term
| what impact did the cell theory have on scientists of the time period? |
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Definition
Cell theory emphasized that all organisms are composed of cells, the basic unit of life
Proved that new things could not just appear spontaneously form nonliving matter |
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Term
| What did Schleiden contribute to science? |
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Definition
| concluded that all plants are made of cells |
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Term
| What did Schwann contribute to science? |
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Definition
| Concluded that all living things are made of cells |
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Term
| What did Virchow contribute to science? |
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Definition
| Concluded that all new cells come from existing cells |
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Term
| Why shouldn't cells be considered simple structures? |
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Definition
| * cells are small, but function like miniature factories, constructing new molecules from raw materials (nutrients) |
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Term
| Why shouldn't organelles be considered simple structures? |
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Definition
| cell organelles act like machines in a factory, each with a specific role |
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Term
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Definition
| They are an organelle that helps to make proteins from amino acids. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the nucleolus? |
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Definition
| they make ribosomes since ribosomes cannot make themselves |
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Term
| Where are ribosomes found in the cell? |
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Definition
They are found floating in the cytoplasm
They also are found attached to membranes |
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Term
| Which one is more complex - Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes? |
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Definition
| Eukaryotes - have membrane bound organelles - organelles are more complex too |
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Term
| What is the job of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell? |
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Definition
| Provides transportation through the cell |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the Golgi bodies in a cell? |
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Definition
| An organelle that packages things in a cell |
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Term
| What is the purpose of lysosomes in a cell? |
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Definition
They contain the digestive enzymes that help the cell break down large molecules into smaller pieces
They also are the cleaner of the cell - digests old organelles that are no longer useful to the cell |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton in a cell? |
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Definition
It helps the cell have shape and structure
It helps the cell move
found in both animal and plant cells |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the centrioles in an animal cell? |
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Definition
| These are found only in animal cells and come into action when the cells divide (division) |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the vacuole in a cell? |
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Definition
Used as storage in the cell
Large in plants and smaller in animal cells |
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Term
| What is the purpose of chloroplasts in a plant cell? |
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Definition
Contains chlorophyll - the material necessary for photosynthesis to occur
Found only in plant cells |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the nucleus in a cell? |
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Definition
The brain of the cell. Without it, cell would die
Control center of cell
the largest organelle in the cell
Contains the DNA of the cell |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the nucleolus in a cell? |
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Definition
The place where ribosomes are made. Ribosomes can make other cell parts, but they cannot make themselves.
Found in the nucleus of the cell |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the cytoplasm in a cell? |
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Definition
It is made up of a jelly like substance made mostly of water that the other organelles float in
Center for most of cell's metabolic activity |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN A CELL? |
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Definition
| Controls what enters and exists the cell |
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Term
| What makes up a cell membrane? |
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Definition
| phospholipids and proteins |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the nuclear membrane? |
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Definition
| Controls what enters and exits the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Short hair like projections on the surface of some cells for movement |
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Term
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Definition
Long tail like projections of some cells for movement
move with a whip-like motion |
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Term
| What must all cells take in and eliminate to live? |
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Definition
| nutrients and eliminate wastes |
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Term
| What is a semipermeable membrane? |
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Definition
| a membrane that lets certain molecules pass through and prevents other molecules from crossing |
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Term
| What does the semipermeable membrane NOT let through? |
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Definition
| proteins and carbohydrates |
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Term
| What two processes are involved with moving material across the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| passive transport and active transport |
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Term
| What is passive transport? |
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Definition
| movement of a substance across a cell membrane without the use of ATP energy - doesn't require energy!! |
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Term
| What are the two ways material can cross the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| passive transport active transport |
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Term
| What is active transport? |
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Definition
| Transport of a substance across a cell membrane requiring the use of energy, usually occurs against a concentration gradient. |
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Term
| What is the most common form of passive transport? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration (more molecules) to an area of lower concentration (fewer molecules) |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration (more molecules) to an area of lower concentration (fewer molecules) |
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Term
| What two things determine how fast the rate of diffusion will occur? |
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Definition
temperature - molecules diffuse faster at high temperatures than at low temperatures
size of molecules - small molecules diffuse faster than large ones |
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Term
| What is facilitated diffusion? |
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Definition
The process of transporting molecules by carrier proteins during diffusion, requires NO energy output
Molecules always move down a concentration gradient (high to low concentration) |
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Term
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Definition
| The diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane. It is a form of passive diffusion, therefore, it doesn't require energy to occur |
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Term
| What is a hypertonic solution? |
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Definition
A solution having a higher concentration of solutes outside a cell than the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
Water will move out of a cell, The cell will shrink! |
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Term
| What is hypotonic solution? |
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Definition
A solution having a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
Water will move into a cell |
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Term
| What is an isotonic solution? |
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Definition
| A solution whose concentration is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell |
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Term
| What is active transport? |
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Definition
| Transport of a substance across a cell membrane requiring the use of energy, usually occurs against a concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of large molecules across the cell membrane by being packaged in membrane bound sacs |
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Term
| What are the two types of bulk movement? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a process in which wastes and cell products are secreted out of a cell through a cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of active transport in which a portion of the cell membrane surrounds outside particles and moves them into the cell |
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Term
| What are the two forms of endocytosis? |
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Definition
pinocytosis (cellular drinking)
phagocytosis (food particle or other solid substance) |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular drinking - a process in which the cell membrane encloses a droplet of fluid and its solutes and brings the droplet into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Food particle or other solid substance - the process in which the cell membrane engulfs a food particle or other solid substance and brings it into the cell |
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Term
| T or F All animal cells have the same size & shape organelles |
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Definition
| FALSE - cells differ in their function therefore they have different sizes and shapes |
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Term
| Living things can be either unicellular or multicellular in composition. T or F |
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Definition
| True cells are unicellular or multicellular - 1 cell or many cells |
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Term
Who coined the term "cell" to describe the chambers he saw when he looked at a thin piece of cork through a microscope?
a. Hooke
b. Van Leeuwenhoek
c. Schwann
d. Darwin |
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Definition
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Term
What are flagella?
a. short hair like projections
b. long, tail like projections
c. bundles of chloroplasts
d. central vacuoles |
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Definition
| b. long, tail like projections |
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Term
Which is NOT a principle of cell theory?
a. cells are the basic units of life
b. all cells arise from existing cells
c. all organisms are made of one or more cells
d. all matter consists of at least one cell |
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Definition
| d. all matter consists of at least one cell |
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Term
| T or F The cytoskeleton provides structure and movement to the cell and its found only in plant cells. |
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Definition
b - found in all cells - Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
needed for structure and movement of organism |
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Term
Which of the following contain a definite nucleus?
a. prokaryotes
b. ribosomes
c. eukaryotes
d. nucleoli |
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Definition
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Term
What is the jelly like substance between the cell membrane and he nucleus called?
a. nucleoli
b. cytoplasm
c. organelles
d. vacuoles |
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Definition
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Term
A cell membrane is a thin layer of lipid and _________
a. water
b. protein
c. monosaccharides
d. phosphate |
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Definition
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Term
| lab: If a microscope's eyepiece had a magnification of 10x and the nose piece had a magnification of 40X, what would be the total magnification of the object? |
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Definition
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Term
lab: When focusing your specimen under the microscope, you should start with the _______
a. highest power and work towards the lowest power
b. lowest power and work towards the highest power |
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Definition
| b. lowest power and work towards the highest power |
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Term
lab: On a microscope, the _________ allows you to adjust the amount of light penetrating the specimen.
a. pointer
b. stage
c. nosepiece
d. diaphragm |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the nucleus? |
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Definition
| control center of the cell, contains the chromosomes of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| To make ribosomes, located in the nucleus of the cell |
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Term
| What is the mitochondria? |
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Definition
| generates energy ATP from food - "powerhouse" of the cell |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the cell wall? |
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Definition
| Protects plant cells and helps to maintain its shape |
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Term
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Definition
| enables a plant to make sugars through photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Short hair like structures that help with movement |
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Term
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Definition
| controls what enters and leaves a cell and separates a cells contents from its environment |
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Term
| What organelle digest food products in the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organelle does a cell use to produce protein from amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the membrane bound sacs that package and secretes products of the endoplasmic reticulum from the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
| shape and support of the cell |
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Term
which one is NOT an organelle?
a. nucleus
b. prokaryote
c. mitochondria
d. ribosome |
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Definition
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Term
| Animal cells can have different organelles. T or F |
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Definition
| T - They do not have the exact organelles as plants. |
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Term
Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ____________
a. cell walls
b. cell membranes
c. mitochondria
d. chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a function of a vacuole?
a. to absorb water
b. to store ions
c. to store waste products
d. to make proteins |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following do both plant and animal cells have in common?
a. cell walls
b. cytoskeletons
c. lysosomes
d. chloroplasts |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F Energy is required in active transport. |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F Passive transport occurs in both diffusion and osmosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F Both diffusion and osmosis require energy to move a substance across a cell membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
What term describes the diffusion of water molecules across a semi permeable membrane?
a. homeostasis
b. active transport
c. cellular drift
d. osmosis |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of phagocytosis? |
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Definition
| The cell membrane engulfs a food particle and brings it into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell membrane encloses and takes in a droplet of fluid |
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Term
| What is facilitated diffusion? |
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Definition
| a carrier proteins take sugar into a cell without requiring energy input |
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