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Biology Chapter 12 Vocab
For 9th grade biology, these are the toughest words in Chapter 12
9
Biology
9th Grade
11/29/2022

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Term
Transformation
Definition
Griffith concluded that some material must have been transferred from the heat-killed S bacteria to the live R bacteria
Term
bacteriophage
Definition
A virus that takes over a bacterium’s genetic machinery and directs it to make more viruses.
Term
Nucleotides
Definition
The small units, or monomers, that make up DNA
Term
Base-pairing rules
Definition
These A = T and C = G relationships that are in DNA. A purine pairs with a pyrminidine
Term
Double Helix
Definition
Showed that the two strands of DNA
wind around each other like a twisted ladder. The strands are complementary – they fit together and are the opposite of each other.
Term
Replication
Definition
This process by which DNA is copied
during the cell cycle
Term
Helicases
Definition
Starts the replication process by “unzipping” the double helix to separate the strands of DNA
Term
DNA Polymerases
Definition
A group of enzymes which bond the new nucleotides together.
Term
Replication Forks
Definition
One by one, free nucleotides pair with the bases exposed as the template strands unzip between what
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