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BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Review
TEST REVIEW
46
Biology
9th Grade
03/07/2011

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Term
How does an autotroph differ from a heterotroph?
Definition
Autotrophs make their own food and heterotrophs don't
Term
Describe how organisms release the energy in food.
Definition
Organisms release food through cellular respiration. The released energy enables cells to produce the energy- storing molecule andenosin triphosphate. (ATP)
Term
What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy?
Definition
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and potential energy is energy that is stored due to object position or arrangement
Term
How do cells release chemical energy for food?
Definition
Oxygen breaks the organic molecules into smaller molecules releasing energy.
Term
How is energy released from ATP?
Definition
Energy from ATP is released when a phosphate bond is broken.
Term
What are the three main types of cellular work?
Definition
chemical, mechanical, and transport
Term
how is breathing related to cellular respiration?
Definition
Breathing brings in oxygen into the body where it is used for cellular respiration and releases carbon dioxide.
Term
What are the products of cellular respiration?
Definition
carbon dioxide and water
Term
How many ATP molecules can be made from each glucose molecule in cellular respiration?
Definition
Up to 38 molecules of ATP can be made from on glucose molecule.
Term
How is ATP made during fermentation?
Definition
Fermentation makes ATP entirely from glycolysis
Term
electron transport chain:
Definition
series of electron transfers that release energy
Term
producer:
Definition
organism that produces food for itseld and other organisms
Term
anaerobic:
Definition
term that describes an environment without oxygen
Term
chemical energy:
Definition
potential energy due to the arrangement of atoms in molecules.
Term
cellular respiration:
Definition
process that uses oxygen to release energy in glucose and produce ATP
Term
Second stage of cellular respiration where carbon dioxide and ATP are produced:
Definition
Kreb's Cycle
Term
the amount of energy required to rause the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius is a(n).....
Definition
calorie
Term
The process in which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars is called......
Definition
photosynthesis
Term
The molecule _________ uses energy to convert ADP to ATP
Definition
ATP synthase
Term
Stage 1 of cellular respiration:
Definition
Glycolysis
Term
Stage 2 of cellular respiration:
Definition
Krebs Cycle
Term
Stage 3 of cellular respiration:
Definition
Electron Transport Chain
Term
All of the following result from aerobic respiration except:
(A) oxygen
(B) Carbon Dioxide
(C) water
(D) ATP
Definition
(A) Oxygen
Term
Which of the following represents a balanced aquarium?
(a) big fish and small fish
(b) fish and snails
(c) fish and green plants
(d) algae and elodea (two green aquatic plants)
Definition
(C) Fish and green plants
Term
During the process of respiration, chemical energy in food is stored in molecules of:
(a) H20
(b) CO2
(c) ADP
(d) ATP
Definition
(D) ATP
Term
The organelle in cells which controls the process of respiration is called
(a) nucleus
(b) mitochondria
(c) cell membrane
(d) chromosome
Definition
(B) Mitochondria
Term
Essentially, the process of respiration is the opposite of:
(a) reproduction
(b) photosynthesis
(c) breathing
(d) growth and development
Definition
(B) Photosynthesis
Term
Which substance is not needed during the process of respiration?
(a) chloroplasts (b) enzymes (c) mitochondria (d) oxygen
Definition
(A) Chloroplasts
Term
Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in that anaerobic respiration does
not need:
(a) food molecules (b) enzymes (c) oxygen (d) glucose
Definition
(c) oxygen
Term
The amount of calories needed by an organism is dependent upon its:
(a) height (b) size (c) activity
(d) all responses are correct
Definition
(d) all responses are correct. (height, size, activity
Term
The major purpose of the process of respiration is:
(a) synthesis (b) energy storage and use
(c) to break down excess proteins (d) to develop new cell organelle
Definition
(b) energy storage and use
Term
. The unit of measure used to describe the amount of potential energy in food is
called a(n):
(a) ATP molecule (b) calorie (c) pound (d) metric unit
Definition
b) calorie
Term
1. Compare the process of respiration with the process of photosynthesis.
Definition
Essentially, respiration and photosynthesis are opposites. Respiration produces water
and carbon dioxide from food and oxygen. Photosynthesis produces food and releases
oxygen as a by-product
Term
2. Why do most complex organisms undergo aerobic respiration rather than anaerobic
respiration?
Definition
More energy is released, allowing complex organisms to sustain themselves. Anaerobic
respiration does not release enough energy for complex organisms
Term
. Distinguish between anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
Definition
Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, aerobic in the presence of
oxygen. Aerobic respiration releases more energy than anaerobic respiration and occurs in the mitochondria
Term
4. What function is served by the mitochondria?
Definition
The mitochondria is the organelle which releases energy for use by the cel
Term
5. Explain the relationship between the energy needs of a cell and the number of
mitochondria it contains
Definition
Term
1. Heterotrophs are also called
a. producers.
b. autotrophs.
c. consumers.
d. "self-feeders."
Definition
c. consumers.
Term
2. What are the waste products of cellular respiration?
a. carbon dioxide and water
b. ATP and ADP
c. carbon dioxide and oxygen
d. energy and glucose
Definition
a. carbon dioxide and water
Term
3. What metabolic stage is part of both cellular respiration and fermentation?
a. electron transport
b. glycolysis
c. Krebs cycle
d. ATP synthase action
Definition
b. glycolysis
Term
4. What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced directly by glycolysis?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 34
d. 38
Definition
a. 2
Term
5. Electron transport occurs in the
a. cytosplasm.
b. matrix of the mitochondria.
c. outer membrane of the mitochondria.
d. inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Definition
d. inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Term
6. Which molecule accepts electrons from the final carrier in the electron transport chain?
a. NAD
b. pyruvic acid
c. oxygen
d. carbon
Definition
a. NAD
Term
7. Which of the following molecules is not involved in fermentation?
a. glucose
b. pyruvic acid
c. NADH
d. oxygen
Definition
d. oxygen
Term
8. Explain why it can be said that most of life on Earth is solar-powered.
Definition
Most life on Earth these days is dependent on photosynthesis. Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight, and stores it as chemical bond energy in chemicals such as simple sugars.

Animals eat plants or algae to obtain this chemical energy from them -- dependent on the plants which are dependent on sunlight.
Term
8. Explain why it can be said that most of life on Earth is solar-powered.
Definition
Most life on Earth these days is dependent on photosynthesis. Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight, and stores it as chemical bond energy in chemicals such as simple sugars.

Animals eat plants or algae to obtain this chemical energy from them -- dependent on the plants which are dependent on sunlight.
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