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Biology Chapter 5: Embryology
mcat biology
27
Biology
Undergraduate 4
06/30/2009

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Term
rapid mitotic division
Definition
cleavage
Term
cleavage that results in cells that maintain the ability to develop into a complete organism
Definition
indeterminate cleavage
Term
identical twins are a result of _____ cleavage
Definition
indeterminate
Term
___ ___ results in cells whose future differentiation pathways are determined at an early developmental stage
Definition
determinate cleavage
Term
specialization of cells that occurs during development
Definition
differentiation
Term
first complete cleavage occurs
Definition
32 hours after fertilization
Term
second complete cleavage occurs
Definition
60 hours after fertilization
Term
third complete cleavage occurs
Definition
72 hours after ferilization
Term
8-celled embryo reaches the uterus after
Definition
the third cleavage
Term
solid ball of embryonic cells
Definition
morula
Term
when the morula develops and fluid-filled cavity
Definition
blastulation--creates bastocoel
Term
hollow sphere of cells
Definition
blastula
Term
embryo implants in the uterine wall during
Definition
blastulation
Term
endometrium
Definition
mucosal lining of uterus
Term
transformation of the single cell layer of blastula into a three-layered structure called
Definition
gastrula
Term
cavity of gastrula is called the
Definition
archenteron
Term
archenteron develops into the
Definition
gut
Term
opening of the archenteron is the
Definition
blastopore (site of the future anus)
Term
ectoderm:
Definition
epidermis, eyes, nervous system, inner ear (attract-o-derm)
Term
endoderm"
Definition
lining of digestive tract, lungs, liver, pancreas "endernal organs"
Term
mesoderm
Definition
musculoskeletal system, circulatory system,goands, kidneys "means-o-derm"
Term
influence of a specific group of cells on the differentiation of another group of cells
Definition
induction
Term
where fetal gas exchange occurs
Definition
across the placenta
Term
first trimester:
Definition
major organs begin to develop, heart beats at 22 days, cartilagious skeleton into bone,
Term
second trimester
Definition
tremendous amount of growing, begins to move, face looks human, toes and fingers
Term
third trimester:
Definition
rapid growth, brain development, becomes less active bc no room
Term
order of development:
Definition
morula-->blastula-->implantation-->gastrula-->mesoderm-->neurulation-->umbilical cord-->birth-->closing of ductus venosus
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