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1. all living things are composed of cells
2. the cell is the basic functional unit
3. cells arise only from other cells
4. cells carry genetic info in the form of DNA |
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| uracil thymine and cytosine |
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| Adenine & thymine Guanine & cytosine |
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| Adenine & uracil guanine & cytosine |
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| bacertia-cell wall- no nucleus- DNA- plasmid ring |
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| prokaryote ribosome subunits |
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| eukaryote ribosome subunits |
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| inside of phospholipid bilayer is _____ and only _____ charged molecules can pass |
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| protein synthesis pathway: |
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| cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) |
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| proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion |
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| ribosomes are synthesized by |
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| detox drugs, makes lipids |
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| transport of materials throughout cell |
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complex protiens
outside cell
bind to molecules and carry them in |
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| routing center for secretory proteins |
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| receives vesicles and contents from smooth ER and modifies them into vesicles and then distributes them |
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| which is larger- vesicle or vacuole? |
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| when a cell commits suicide (ruptures lysosome membrane) |
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| container for a metabolic reaction |
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| hydrogen peroxide is produce--break fats down into smaller molecules that can be used for fuel, used in the liver to detox compounds ex alcohol |
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| found in fat tissue of germinating seedlings-- convert fats into sugars |
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| have own DNA and ribosomes |
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| mito has ___ phospholipid bilayer(s) |
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| high protein content-part of electron transport chain |
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| contain chlorophyll and have own DNA |
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| plant cell wall is composed of |
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| fungi cell wall is composed of |
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| animals have ___ and plants do not |
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| hollow rods that help in support and movement |
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| centrioles are composed of |
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| intermediate filaments are |
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| outside is more concentrated |
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| cytoplasm is more concentrated |
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| NMEC: nervous, muscular, epithelial, connective |
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| connective tissue examples: |
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| bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, blood |
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| DNA enters cell from environment |
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| genetic material is passed via a conjugation bridge |
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| bacterial DNA is passed from one bacterial cell to another via a bacteriophage |
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| viruse are non living or living? |
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| viruses have a protein coat which is also called a |
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| viruses that exclusively infect bacteria |
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| retroviruses use ___ _____ to copy DNA FROM RNA |
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| retro virus: ____ to ____ |
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| Retroviruses bring reverse transcripatse with them because |
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| it is not present in animal cells |
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| inject DNA into bacteria, replicate, burstes out giving new phages |
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| injects dna, dna is integrated into host genome, divide by binary fission |
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| short; has some short double stranded segments |
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| mRNA is ___ and has a _____ |
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| not a membrane bound organelle |
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| genetic code is called _____ becuase more than one codon can code for a single amino acid |
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| __ possible codons and only __ amino acids |
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| DNA is double stranded because of what type of bonding |
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| red blood cells (erythrocytes) |
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| contractile vacuole does what? |
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| removes excess water from organism |
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| phospholipid bilayer with cholesteroal and embedded proteisn |
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| uses radioactive molecules to trace and identify cell structures and biochemical activity |
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| used to study protein synthesis or DNA and RNA synthesis |
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| used to study living cells |
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| phase contrast microscope |
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| used to study non living specimens |
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| why people believe viruses are living |
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| carry on genetic material, come from pre-existing viruses |
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| why people believe viruses are non-living |
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| can't reproduce independently |
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| cytoskeleton is composed of |
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| microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and accessory proteins |
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| who participates in cellular ingestion? |
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cell membrane and vesicles
(enydocytosis) |
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| who participates in cellular digestion? |
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| lysosomes, vesicles, and mitochondria |
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| group of cells closely related morphologically and functionally |
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| cellular respiration in prokaryotes occurs |
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| cellular respiration of eukaryotes occurs |
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| across the mitochondrial membrane and inside the mitochondria |
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| plasma membrane is comprised of |
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1. phospholipids
2. proteins
3. cholesterol |
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| small, nonpolar (fats, co2, steroids) |
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| large, charged ions, polar |
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| eukaryotic ribosomes combine to make an ___ complex |
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