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| System (or Biological System)- (biology theme 1) |
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Complex organization formed from a simpler combination of parts. Example: Your Body, An ecosystem ..such as a forest is also a biological system. Like your body, an ecosystem has properties that depend on how its parts interact. |
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| Process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars. A plant obtains water and nutrients from the soil, carbon dioxide gas from the air, and energy from sunlight. The plant uses these three "inputs" from its environment or Photosynthesis...the process by which plants make food. |
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| Organism that makes its own food (autotroph) and produces organic molecules that serve as food for other organisms in its ecosystem. Such as plants. |
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organism that obtains food by eating producers (autotrophs) or other consumers (Concepts 1.3, 7.1, 36.1) |
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| Internal stability or "steady state" maintained by the bod. Example: Panting by dog to cool its body, |
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| Inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment (Concepts 1.3, 14.1) |
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Group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the same time |
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Process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals |
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Generation-to-generation change in the proportion of different inherited genes in a population that account for all of the changes that have transformed life over an immense time |
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| All the parts of the planet that are inhabited by living things; sum of all Earth's ecosystems |
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| Ecosystem: community of living things plus the nonliving features of the environment that support them For example, this woodland ecosystem's community includes various types of trees and other plants, squirrels and other animals, and countless microscopic forms of life such as bacteria. The woodland's nonliving features include the sunlight, water, air, and soil upon which the living things depend. |
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| Cell: basic unit of living matter; separated from its environment by a plasma membrane. All organisms are made of one or more cells. |
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| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): |
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| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): molecule responsible for inheritance; nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose (Concepts 1.1, 11.2) |
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| gene: unit of inherited information in DNA (Concept 1.1) |
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| Species: distinct form of life (Concept 1.2)Bird, Bateria, Fish, etc. |
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| Broadest category used to classify life forms (Concept 1.2)Three Domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya |
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| Entire body consists of a single cell (Concept 1.2) |
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Cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles Bacteria and Archaea are made of Prokaryotic |
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Cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles Eukaryotic: four kingdoms: protists, fungi, plants, and animals |
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| Consisitng of many cells (Concept 1.2) |
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| Domaines are broken into Kingdoms Such as the kingdom:Eukarya includes four kingdoms: protists, fungi, plants, and animals. |
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| Explain the relationship between the terms species and organism. |
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| Each different type of organism you observe during either walk is an example of a species. |
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| Explain two different ways that you could classify the following items: banana, lemon, sandwich, milk, orange, meatball, salad. |
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| Bananna, Orange,Lemon-- Food, Fruits Salad--Food, Veggie Meatball-Food,Meat Sandwich, Food, Meat, Bread |
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| 3. Explain the main difference between organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea and organisms of the domain Eukarya. |
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| The organisms of domains Archaea and Bacteria are very tiny. Most of these organisms are unicellular, meaning that their entire bodies consist of just a single cell. Eukaryotic cells contain nuclei that separate DNA from the rest of the cell. Like the prokaryotes, many protists and certain fungi are unicellular and microscopic in size. But other protists, most fungi, and all animals and plants are multicellular. |
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| 1. Which level of life includes all of the other levels in this list: organisms, cells, biosphere, molecules, ecosystems? Explain your answer. |
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| Biosphere consists of all the parts of the planet that are inhabited by living things. So everything listed is part of the biosphere |
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| 2. Identify an ecosystem in the area where you live. |
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| Pine Trees, mice, Huron River, grass, skunks, dirt, etc. |
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| What are genes? How are they related to DNA? |
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| Genes are a unit of inherited information in DNA. There are several genes on a DNA strand making up the chemical responsible for inheritance. |
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| Identify ten themes of biology |
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| 1. Biological Systems 2. Cellular Basis of Life 3. Form and Function 4. Reproduction and Inheritance 5. Interaction with Enviornment 6. Energy and Life 7. Regulation 8. Adaptation and Evolution |
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1. A biologist studying interactions between an animal species and its environment is studying biology at which level? a. cell b. biosphere c. organism d. ecosystem |
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2. Which of the following is not considered an organism? a. an oak leaf b. a spider c. an elephant d. a bacterial cell |
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3. To which domain of life do humans belong? a. Animals b. Eukarya c. Archaea d. none of the above |
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4. DNA is found in the nucleus of a. all cells. b. eukaryotic cells only. c. prokaryotic cells only. d. unicellular organisms only. |
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5. Which is a chemical product of photosynthesis that is used by consumers? a. water b. carbon dioxide c. food d. heat |
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6. Which of the following processes provides the raw material for the other three to occur? a. natural selection b. adaptation c. genetic variation d. evolution |
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7. Some poisonous organisms are brightly colored, which warns others not to eat them. Which theme does this best represent? a. adaptation b. regulation c. the cellular basis of life d. biology and society |
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| . Explain why cells are considered the most basic unit of life. |
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| 9. What is the main difference between organisms in domain Archaea and domain Eukarya? |
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| Archaea are unicelluar and are prokayotic or lack a nucleus that separates DNA information from th the cell. Eukarya are multicelluar and have where Eukaryotic cells the DNA is in a nucleus. |
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| 10. Describe how a sports team could be considered a system. |
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| 11. You read that a mantid's camouflage is an example of adaptation. How does its camouflage also represent the form-fits-function theme? |
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| 12. Choose two objects that were not discussed in the text and describe how their form fits their function. |
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| 13. Describe the interaction between a plant and its environment. What does the plant obtain from the environment and how does the plant affect its environment? |
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| 14. Explain why life on Earth requires a continuous supply of energy from the sun. |
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| 15. Explain why plants are called producers. |
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15. Describe the natural selection process. |
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| Organize the terms below into a flowchart. Explain why you placed the term population where you did.[image] |
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| 18. Analyzing Diagrams Suggest five questions a biologist might ask about the scene below. In your questions consider the various levels (scales) of life, the diversity of life, and biology themes. [image] |
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19. Analyzing Diagrams Study the incomplete diagram below and answer the following questions.
a. Describe the purpose of a diagram such as this one.
b. Create a list of items that you would place in the blank section of this diagram. Include at least eight items on your list.
c. How would you label each section? Explain your answer.
[image] |
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20. Making Generalizations You have read that an ecosystem is a system, and a system is dependent on the interaction of its parts. What do you think might happen in an ecosystem if it lost all of its plant species? |
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21. Evaluating Models Describe how your home could be considered an ecosystem. |
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24. What's Wrong With These Statements?
Briefly explain why each statement is inaccurate or misleading.
a. Many organs working together make up a tissue.
b. Energy is recycled constantly in an ecosystem.
c. DNA is made of genes. |
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23. Evaluating the Impact of Research Discuss a few positive ways in which the study of biology has affected you. |
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22. Relating Cause and Effect In this chapter you read that DNA is responsible for the similarities between animal parents and their offspring. You also read that DNA is responsible for variations in organisms of the same population. Explain how both these statements can be true. |
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| . | All the parts of the planet that are inhabited by living things are called the | | | | | a. | biosphere. | | b. | atmosphere. | | c. | ecosystem. | | d. | community. | | e. | population. |
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| | A community of living things in a particular area supported by nonliving features of the environment is a(n) | | | | | a. | abiotic factor. | | b. | atmosphere. | | c. | ecosystem. | | d. | organism. | | e. | population. |
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| 3. | Units of inherited information are called | | | | | a. | proteins. | | b. | genes. | | c. | cells. | | d. | nuclei. | | e. | chemicals. |
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| A distinct type of organism is called a(n) | | | | | a. | ecosystem. | | b. | cell. | | c. | community. | | d. | domain. | | e. | species. |
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| | Cells without nuclei are called | | | | | a. | unicellular cells. | | b. | multicellular cells. | | c. | prokaryotic cells. | | d. | eukaryotic cells. | | e. | domains. |
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| 6. | Most organisms within domain Archaea are | | | | | a. | unicellular and prokaryotic. | | b. | multicellular and prokaryotic. | | c. | unicellular and eukaryotic. | | d. | multicellular and eukaryotic. | | e. | not made of cells. |
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| a. Unicellularand prokaryotic |
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| | | | [image] | | 7. | Organisms made of many cells are said to be | | | | | a. | unicellular. | | b. | multicellular. | | c. | prokaryotic. | | d. | Archaea. | | e. | protists. |
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| 8. | Cells that contain nuclei are called | | | | | a. | unicellular cells. | | b. | multicellular cells. | | c. | prokaryotic cells. | | d. | eukaryotic cells. | | e. | domains |
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| Which kingdom is part of domain Eukarya? | | | | | a. | Protista | | b. | Fungi | | c. | Plantae | | d. | Animalia | | e. | all of the above |
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| 10. | The process by which plants convert light energy to the stored energy of food is called | | | | | a. | adaptation. | | b. | inheritance. | | c. | photosynthesis. | | d. | regulation. | | e. | evolution. |
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| The specialized wings of a bird are an example of the ____________________ theme of biology. | | | | | a. | form and function | | b. | scientific inquiry | | c. | interaction with the environment | | d. | regulation | | e. | energy and life |
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| 12. | A dog’s ability to pant when it gets overheated is an example of ____________________ its internal environment. | | | | | a. | reproduction of | | b. | interaction with | | c. | evolution of | | d. | regulation of | | e. | natural selection of |
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| 13. | Some organisms have the ability to change color to match their environment. This is an example of the ____________________ theme of biology. | | | | | a. | biology and society | | b. | regulation | | c. | adaptation and evolution | | d. | scientific inquiry | | e. | reproduction |
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| C. Adaption and evolution |
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| 14. | Natural selection is the mechanism by which ____________________ occurs. | | | | | a. | regulation | | b. | photosynthesis | | c. | reproduction | | d. | scientific inquiry | | e. | evolution |
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| | Regulating an internal environment despite changes in the external environment is called | | | | | a. | photosynthesis. | | b. | homeostasis. | | c. | natural selection. | | d. | adaptation. | | e. | evolution |
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| The food that an entire ecosystem depends on is made by | | | | | a. | consumers. | | b. | humans. | | c. | animals. | | d. | producers. | | e. | DNA. |
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| 17. | Life on Earth depends on a continuous supply of ____________________ from the sun. | | | | | a. | chemicals | | b. | elements | | c. | molecules | | d. | energy | | e. | producers |
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| 18. | Which statement is true? | | | | | a. | All organisms gain energy in the form of heat. | | b. | All organisms are made of cells. | | c. | Energy can be recycled in an ecosystem. | | d. | Thinking and seeing require energy from the food you eat. | | e. | People who grow food in gardens are considered to be producers. |
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| b. All organisms are made of cells |
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| | Your genes are passed to you from your parents. This is an example of the ____________________ theme of biology. | | | | | a. | form and function | | b. | reproduction and inheritance | | c. | interaction with the environment | | d. | regulation | | e. | adaptation and evolution |
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| b. reproduction and inhertance |
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| 20. | Asking questions about nature and then using observations or experiments to answer the questions is an example of the ____________________ theme of biology. | | | | | a. | biology and society | | b. | regulation | | c. | form and function | | d. | scientific inquiry | | e. | interaction with the environment |
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