Term
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Definition
| small sacs that interface with the pulmonary capillaries, allowing gases to diffuse across a one-cell-thick membrane |
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Definition
| membrane surrounding lungs that lies adjacent to the lung itself |
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Definition
| membrane that lines the chest wall |
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Definition
| lies between visceral and parietal pleura; filled with fluid to lubricate the two surfaces |
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Term
| negative-pressure breathing |
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Definition
| describes the pressure differential created in the lungs by the expansion of the thoracic cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| the maximum volume of air in the lungs when one inhales completely |
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Definition
| the minimum volume of air in the lungs when one exhales completely |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between the minimum and maximum volume of air in the lungs; total lung capacity minus the residual volume |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath |
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Term
| expiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| the volume of additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation |
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Term
| inspiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| the volume of additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates ventilation; a collection of neurons in the medulla oblongata |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to carbon dioxide concentrations when high and increase respiratory rate |
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Term
| How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transferred in the lungs? |
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Definition
| They diffuse down their concentration gradients. High carbon dioxide and low oxygen in the blood coming to the lungs exchanges with high oxygen low carbon dioxide air in the alveoli |
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Term
| thermoregulation by the respiratory tract |
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Definition
| it is highly vascular so vasodilation allows for dissipation of more thermal energy while vasoconstriction reduces dissipation of energy |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme in the nasal cavity and saliva that attacks peptidoglycan cell walls of gram-positive bacteria |
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Term
| How do changes in pH affect the respiratory system? |
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Definition
- acidemia - bicarbonate buffer systems shifts towards carbon dioxide which is blown off by respiratory system and pulls blood back to equilibrium
- alkalemia - bicarbonate buffer system shift right toward hydrogen ions by slowing breathing and increasing blood carbond dioxide levels
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