Term
Birds are different from reptiles in that they
- are endothermic
- have feathers covering their bodies
- have four-chambered hearts
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| Scientific evidence suggests that birds arose from |
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| Which of the following statement is not a true statement providing evidence for the hypothesis that birds evolved from a dinosaur ancestor? |
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| Dinosaurs lack a collarbone, as do birds |
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| Which of the following characteristics of birds is not found in Archaeopteryx? |
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Definition
| C. Archaeopteryx: feathers |
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| The earliest flying vertebrates were |
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The first wings appearing on animals are thought to have been used for
- movement on the ground or in the air
- capture of prey
- stabilization
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Term
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Definition
| D. took the place of scales as the body covering of birds |
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| Which of the following is not a function of contour feathers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following would a contour feather most closely resemble when seen under a microscope? |
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Definition
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A birds skeleton is
- are composed primarily of furcula
- more rigid than reptiles
- composed of many fused bones
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Definition
| A. temporarily stores food |
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Term
| Birds excrete most of their nitrogenous waste as |
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| Food taken into a bird body is ground up in the |
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Definition
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| Bird respiration is very efficient because |
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Definition
| D. a system of air sacs permits birds to have oxygenated air in their lungs during both inhalation and exhalation |
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Definition
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Term
| Lungs and air sacs are structures of the respiratory system of a(n) |
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Definition
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| Talons would most likely be found among birds that |
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Definition
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| Large, flat feet would most likely be found on birds that |
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Definition
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| A recently developed way to interfere relationships among species of birds is the study of |
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| Which of the following associations between a bird order and a member of the order is incorrect |
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| Melodious songs are characteristic of ____songbirds. |
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Term
| The syrinx of a bird functions in |
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Definition
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| The syrinx is located at the base of a birds |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals as well as birds, have |
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Definition
| B. a four chambered heart |
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Term
| The large eye sockets on early mammals suggest that the mammals |
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Definition
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Term
What adaptations did therapsids and mammals share
- endothermy
- hair
- legs beneath the body
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals arose from early reptiles called |
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Definition
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| Which of the following statements about the earliest mammals is true? |
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Definition
| D. They coexisted with dinosaurs but did not compete with them for food and other resources |
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Term
| The sheet of muscle at the bottom of the rib cage of mammals is called the |
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Definition
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Definition
| C. diaphragm: drawing air into the lungs |
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Definition
| C. long, sharp canine teeth |
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Term
| The function of the placenta in certain mammals is to |
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Definition
| B. carry nutrition to and remove wastes from the embryo during development |
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Term
| The major difference between marsupials and placental mammals is |
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Definition
| C. their pattern of embryonic development |
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Term
Unlike the young of reptiles, mammalian young depend on parental care for
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals whose offspring remain inside the mother's uterus until development is complete are called |
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Definition
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Term
Placental mammals
- nurse their young with milk
- have body hair
- give birth to live young
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals that lay eggs are |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| The duckbill platypus and two species of echidnas are the only living |
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Definition
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| Kangaroos and opossums are |
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Definition
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Term
| A dog is the member of the order |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| C. include leathery membranes of skin |
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Definition
| D. use echolocation to navigate |
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Term
| Which of the following characteristics is not associated with marsupials mammals |
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Definition
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Term
| The offspring of marsupial mammals |
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Definition
| C. are born early and complete their development in their mother's pouch |
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Term
| Today all monotremes and most marsupials live in Australia and New Guines. This limited distribution is due to |
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Definition
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Term
| The forelimbs of ____ are modified into flippers and are used to help these animals move through water |
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Definition
| B. cetaceans and sirenians |
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Term
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Definition
| A. rodents: all continents except Antartica |
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Term
| The first primates probably resembled modern |
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Definition
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Term
| The two features shared by most primates are |
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Definition
| A. depth perception and grasping hands and feet |
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Term
| Anthropoid primates are different from prosimians in that they |
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Definition
| A. have opposable thumbs and large brains |
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Term
| Chimpanzees are different from humans in that they |
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Definition
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Term
| The skeleton of Lucy revealed that she was bipedal. this means that she |
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Definition
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Term
| All australopithecine fossils have been discovered in |
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Definition
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Term
| When comparing Homo habilis and Homo eructus, we find that |
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Definition
| C. Homo erectus was taller and walked upright |
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Definition
| D. traits the benefit the individual |
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Term
| Innate behaviors are programmed by |
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Definition
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Term
| Learned behaviors, as opposed to innate behaviors, are influenced by |
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Definition
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Term
| Trial-and-error learning is an example of |
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Definition
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Term
| In classical conditioning, |
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Definition
| D. an animal learns to associate a natural stimulus with a predictive stimulus and therefore responds in the same way to each |
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Term
| Learning that can occur only during a specific period early in the life of an animal is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Pavlov: classical conditioning:: |
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Definition
| D. skinner: operant conditioning |
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Term
| When Konrad Lorenz raised a group of newly hatched gosling, the goslings' behavior showed |
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Definition
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Term
| How animals locate, obtain, and consume food can be explained by |
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Definition
| A. the optimality hypothesis |
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Term
| When a hognose snake flips onto its back and pretends to be dead, what kind of behavior is the snake displaying |
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Definition
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Term
An example of an animal signal is
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Definition
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Term
| Animals' use of signals has been shaped by |
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Definition
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Term
| The purpose of animal signals is to |
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Definition
| D. stimulate a response in another animal |
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Term
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Definition
| A. the choice of mate based on certain traits or behaviors |
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Term
| A benefit of territorial behavior is that such behavior |
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Definition
| B. reproduces competition for resources |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of a dominance hierarchy |
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Definition
| C. wolves learning their rank in a wolf pack |
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Term
| lions hunting cooperatively is an example of |
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Definition
| D. a benefit of living in a social group |
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Term
| One member of a social group acting in a way that benefits other members of the group is called |
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Definition
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Term
| A benefit of migratory behavior is that |
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Definition
| C. it can provide a safe place to spend the winter |
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Term
| The amount of energy used to gather food compared to the amount of energy gained from food |
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Definition
| B. can be explained by the optimality hypothesis |
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Term
| Which of the following is not included in the criteria for communication to be considered a language |
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Definition
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Term
| A farmer has a field near a busy highway. When he gets a new horse, they are visibly frightened every time that a car speeds by. However, the horses that have been in the field for a while have no reaction to the cars speeding by. This can be explained by the |
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Definition
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Term
| A family lives near a very loud train, but doesn't seem to notice when it roars by their house. However, whenever people come to visit, they are startled by the sound of the train going by the house. This is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Generally, you eat lunch at noon. Now, every day around noon, you become hungry. Regardless of what you eat before this point in time, as soon as you see that it is noon, you immediately feel that it is the time for lunch. This behavior is best known as |
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Definition
| B. classical conditioning |
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Term
| Some male birds that did not find a mate will help raise the offspring of a relative. This self-sacrifice is best known as |
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Definition
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Term
| The organization of group of animals in such a way that some members of the group have greater access to resource like food or mates than other is called |
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Definition
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Term
| smooth muscle can be found |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| D. pulling on surrounding tissues |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Actin and myosin
- are found in the sarcomeres
- are proteins
- interact during muscle contraction
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Definition
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Term
| The skin performs all of the following except for |
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Definition
| D. production of chemical messengers |
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Term
| The dermis of the skin is |
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Definition
| D. involved in temperature regulation |
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Term
| The total ampunt of force that a muscle exerts |
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Definition
| B. depends on the total number of individual muscle fibers that have been stimulated |
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Term
The origin of the muscle
- is at the opposite end of the muscle from the insertion
- is located on a bone that remains stationary when the muscle contracts
- does not move when the muscle contracts
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Definition
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Term
| A person with a broken pelvis would probably be unable to |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a function of both the excretory system anf the digestive system |
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Definition
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Term
Muscle tissue functions to move
- blood
- food in the digestive tract
- bones
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Definition
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Term
| A skin disorder caused by blockage of oil glands is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Human skeleton: internal organs:: |
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Definition
| B. construction worker's hard hat: construction workers head |
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Term
| Degeneration of cartilage causes |
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Definition
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Term
| Tightly connected cells that are arranged in flat sheets are characteristic of |
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Definition
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Term
| The type of bone that provides the greatest strength for support is |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| D. provides an energy reserve |
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Term
| Organs the work together form |
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Definition
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Term
| The point where two or more bones meet is called a |
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Definition
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Term
| Repeating unit of myosin and actin filaments bound by two Z lines are |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between cartilage and bone |
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Definition
| C. bone contains significant mineral deposits between its cells, while cartilage doe not |
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Term
| Energy reserves are stored in the skin as |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| It has been known for a long time that muscle contraction requires ATP. Recently, scientists have discovered that ATP is required in order for the muscle filaments actin and myosin to slide past each other, resulting in muscle in muscle contraction. The ATP is specifically required to release that attachments between actin and myosin in the many cycles of attachment, release, and reattachment that result in sliding of these filament past each other. Which of the following phenomena is explained by the specific role of ATP |
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Definition
| B. stiffening of a body after death (rigor mortis) |
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Term
| In a fetus, most bones are originally made of |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles that bend joints are categorized as |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood, bone, and cartilage are examples of |
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Definition
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Term
| Tissue that is specialized to cover the inner and outer surfaces of the internal organs is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton |
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Definition
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Term
| The region between Z lines is called the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The periosteum is a section of the bone that contains |
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Definition
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Term
| The heart and lungs are protected by the |
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Definition
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Term
| The heart and the blood vessels are separate organs that form the |
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Definition
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Term
| From the smallest functional units to the largest, the body is organized as follows |
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Definition
| D. cells, tissue, organ, system, body |
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Term
The insertion of a muscle
- is located on a bone that remains stationary when the muscle contracts
- moves away from the origin during muscle contraction
- is attached to the bone by a ligament
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Definition
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Term
| The lungs are located in the |
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Definition
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Term
| The thin outer layer of the skin is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| B. the chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| B. the chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body |
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Term
| Vessles that carry blood away from the heart are called |
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Definition
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Term
| The heart chamber that receives blood from teh venae cavae is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood entering the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygenated blood from the lungs is recieved by the |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of blood vessel is both strong and elastic |
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Definition
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Term
An artery has a much thicker muscle layer that
- a vein
- a capillary
- a venule
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Definition
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Term
| The smallest and most numerous blood vessel in the body are |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A. usually carries oxygen-rich blood |
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Term
| If a blood vessel has valves, it is probably a |
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Definition
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Term
| The froce exerted against the arterial walls when the heart contracts is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal Blood Pressure in millimeters of mercury is |
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Definition
| C. 120/80 for males and 110/70 for females |
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Term
| The pressure exerted on the inner walls of the arteries when the heart relaxes between beats is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the |
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Definition
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Term
| Artherosclerosis is characterized by |
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Definition
| C. narrowing of the inner walls of coronary arteries due to buildup of fatty materials |
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Term
| Cholesterol buildup: atherosclerosis |
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Definition
| D. atherosclerosis: heart attacks |
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Term
| The iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Infections generally result in an increase in the number of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A. transport respiratory gasses |
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Term
| Defending the body against bacterial infection and invasion by forgein substance is a function of |
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Definition
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Term
| nutrients, salts, adn proteins : plasma solutes:: |
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Definition
| B. erythrocytes and leukocytes: blood cells |
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Term
| an abnormality involving the platelets would probably affect the process of |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not involved in the formation of blood clots |
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Definition
| D. formation of fibrin- red blood cell complexes that circulate in the blood and are too large to move through ruptured blood vessels walls |
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Term
| A person with antigen A on their red blood cells can give blood to someone with blood type(s) |
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Definition
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Term
| During swallowing, the air passageways of the pharynx is covered by the |
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Definition
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Term
| Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The actual exchange of gases occurs at the site of the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| C. is surrounded by capillaries |
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Term
Gas exchange occurs when
- oxygen in the alveoli diffuses into the blood in the capillaries
- oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the red blood cells
- the red blood cells give up oxygen to the cells of the body tissues
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| C. nitrogenous waste: kidneys |
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Term
| Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in all of the following ways except |
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Definition
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Term
| When the diaphragm and rib cage muscle relax |
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Definition
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Term
| When the diaphragm and rib cage muscle relax |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The dome-shaped muscle below the chest cavity is called the |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following occurs as air rushes into the lungs from the environmnet to equalize air pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| The breathing center in the brain is most sensitive to the |
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Definition
| C. concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood |
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