Organism

Define.

A  living object or item (i.e.plant or animal)

Biological Organization Levels

Define/Describe: Population, Community, and Ecosystem

Population: all the individuals of a given species in a specific area. Community: a group of organismsn that inhabit an ecosystem. Ecosystem:

Relationships

Describe and give an example of a Predator-Prey relationship

When an organism (the predator) eats another organism (the prey) (i.e a wolf (the predator) eats a rabbit    (the prey)

Relationships

Describe and provide an example of a Scavenger-Carrion relationship.

When an organism (the scavenger) feeds on another dead organism (the carrion) (i.e. a vulture (the scavenger) feeding on a dead animal (the carrion))

Relationships

Describe and provide an example of a Parasite-Host relationship

When an organism (the parasite) feeds off of another organism (the host) and the host is negatively affected.

Relationship

Describe and give an example of a Consumer-Producer relationship

An organism (the producer) makes food and another organism (the consumer) eats the producer. (example:a grasshopper (the consumer) eats grass (the producer)for energy)

Herbivore

Define and provide an example.

An organism that eats only plants (i.e. a grasshopper)

Consumer, Second Order Consumer

Define and provide an example for each

Consumer: an organism, usually an animal, that feeds on plants. Second Order Consumer: A carnivore that eats herbivores

Types of Succession

Define the following types of Succession: Primary, Secondary, and Climax

Primary Succession: The first organisms to inhabit a barren area. Secondary Succession: The organisms that inhabit the area after the disruption or destruction of the primary succession. Climax: a relatively stable ecosystem.

Density Dependent and Density Independent Factors

Compare and Contrast.

Density Dependent Factors: factors that limit populations depending on population size. Density Independent Factors: factors that limit populations that do not depend on population size.

Immigration vs. Emmigration

Define and Contrast

Immigration is the process of organisms moving in and integrating with the population, emmigration is when organisms leave a population

Threats to Biodiversity

Explain how each of the following effect biodiversity: Habitat Fragmentation, Habitat Degredation, and Habitat Loss. Which of these threats has the WORST effect on biodiversity?

Conservation Biology

What is the major focus or goal of conservation biology?

To protect ecosytems and animals in danger from human activity and extinction

Cell Cycle

Draw a picture and explain the phases of a cell.

Mendel's Law of Dominance

Define/Explain how it works.

Mendel's law of dominance states that if you have a pair of genes then the one that shows up in the offspring is most likely the dominant gene because the dominant is passed along more than the recessive.

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

Define/Explain how it works.

When two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together.

Mitosis

Define/Explain how it works.

the resolving of the chromatin of the nucleus into a threadlike form, which condenses into chromosomes, each of which separates longitudinally into two parts, one part of each chromosome being retained in each of two new cells resulting from the original cell.

Meiosis

Define/Explain how it works.

chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions, in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid

Allelles

Define/Explain what allelles do.

Any of several forms of a gene.

RNA

Define.

Any of a class of single-stranded molecules transcribed from DNA in the cell nucleus or in the mitochondrion or chloroplast, containing along the strand a linear sequence of nucleotide bases that is complementary to the DNA strand from which it is transcribed

Chromosones

How many pairs do humans have? What is the significance of the 23rd pair of chromosones? What is the 23rd pair of chromosones called?

Humans have 46 pairs of chromosones, the 23rd chromosone determines gender and is called the sex chromosones

Codominance

Deifne and create and illustration

Incomplete Dominance

Define and create an illustration.

Genotype vs. Phenotype

Define. Contrast.

Genotype: the sum total of genes transmitted from parent to offspring. Phenotype: the observable consitution of an organism.

Habitat Degredation vs. Habitat Fragmentation

Define.

Habitat Degredation: the destruction of a habitat. Habitat Fragmentation: The seperation of parts of an ecosystem.

Recombinant DNA

What is recombinant DNA being used to produce today?

Modified crops, and medicine

Genetic Engineering

Define.

Geologic Time Scale

The geologic time scale dates the formation of the Earth back to          years ago.

4.6 Billion

Heterozygous vs. Homozygous

Define. How are they different?

Heterozygous genes are dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary traits, and Homozygous genes are identical pairs of genes for any hereditary traits.

Invertebrates

Define.

Organisms without back bones.

Natural Selection

Define.

The evolution and survival of traits favorable to survival and extinction of traits unfavorable to survival.

Homologous Structures

Define/Describe.

Organisms evolved from a common or similar ancestor.

Vestigial Structures

Define/Describe.

Organs or bones left over from ancestors that do not have a use.

Charles Darwin

What is his signficance? What theory did he create?

A famous scientist who created the theory of Natural Selection

Comparitive Embryology

Define/Describe.

A branch of embryology that deals with the similarities and differences in the development of animals or plants of different orders.

Geographic Isolation

Define/describe

Two populations of the same species seperated by a geographic barrier.

Early Primate

Where did the earliest primate most likely live? What was the earliest human unearthed named?

Most lkely lived in North Africa. Named Lucy.