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Definition
The study of everything present in a habitat, why those things are present, and what they do when they are present.
Textbook: connections in nature:the ways in which environmental factors interact with organisms and vice versa to bring about the patterns that we see. |
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| Where did ecology originate? |
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Definition
Since hunting and gathering, paying attention to the rhythm and characteristics of the natural world
Where will animals be available?
When will there be fruit on the trees?
Will there be water?
Hot weather, or cold?
Humans also change their environments: Australian aboriginal people burned large areas bc of watching from nature
Advent of agriculture
Theist view of nature |
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| Everything was created for a reason and was simply meant to be, so all an observer needed to do was to look and marvel |
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France lead
didn't believe in fixed traits, experiments to determine limit of hybridizing, and first o consider that organisms shared a common ancestor |
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Organisms exhibit traits partly by their nature and the effects of their environment.
Non theist views |
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France lead after buffon
propose a mechanism through which organisms could adjust to their environments (wrong, but testable)
Realized environment changed over time and either organisms changed or died out |
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| Quantitative data that population was increasing more quickly than food production in Europe |
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Acute and detailed observations of plants, insects, bids and weather in Hampshire
First truly dedicated natural historians |
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| Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace |
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| Their work, published beginning in 1858, provided a mechanistic theory for explaining biodiversity change. Darwin tended to focus on biotic interactions, and Wallace on the abiotic forces, influencing organisms. |
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| Frederic Claments and Henry Gleason |
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Definition
Rivals at interpreting community organization and successional change;
Clements - integrated superorganism view
Gleason - population specific |
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| Pioneer studying plant communities |
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| founder of Oxford’s Animal Ecology unit; popularized the niche concept and studied population cycles |
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| Robert MacArthur and Edward Wilson |
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| built a broadly-used theory of biogeography; Wilson also integrated evolutionary ecology and social behaviour |
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| an extremely influential experimentalist anda prominent theorist in many parts of ecology |
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| Serengeti ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity conservation consultant |
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| a major investigator of snowshoe-hare/lynx cycles in the Canadian North, and dryland ecology in Australia; widely adopted text author |
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| marine biologist, and among the first scientists to ring alarm bells for the degradation of ecosystems by human impact |
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| asking proximate questions about how current factors act to influence organisms and systems |
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| Asking ultimate questions about why organisms and systems today act ask they do. |
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| What is ecology discussion questions |
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Definition
Relationships between the abiotic and biotic
The stats and measurements to describe habitats
Interactions among the living and non living in a habitat |
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| How do you measure interactions (positive and negative) between populations? |
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Definition
Death (population size)
fitness |
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