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Biology 230 Introduction
Ecology
22
Biology
Undergraduate 2
01/10/2018

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Term
What is Ecology?
Definition
The study of everything present in a habitat, why those things are present, and what they do when they are present.
Textbook: connections in nature:the ways in which environmental factors interact with organisms and vice versa to bring about the patterns that we see.
Term
Where did ecology originate?
Definition
Since hunting and gathering, paying attention to the rhythm and characteristics of the natural world
Where will animals be available?
When will there be fruit on the trees?
Will there be water?
Hot weather, or cold?
Humans also change their environments: Australian aboriginal people burned large areas bc of watching from nature
Advent of agriculture
Theist view of nature
Term
Carl von Linnaeus
Definition
Everything was created for a reason and was simply meant to be, so all an observer needed to do was to look and marvel
Term
Comte de Buffon
Definition
France lead
didn't believe in fixed traits, experiments to determine limit of hybridizing, and first o consider that organisms shared a common ancestor
Term
Erasmus Darwin
Definition
Organisms exhibit traits partly by their nature and the effects of their environment.
Non theist views
Term
La Marck
Definition
France lead after buffon
propose a mechanism through which organisms could adjust to their environments (wrong, but testable)
Realized environment changed over time and either organisms changed or died out
Term
Thomas Malthus
Definition
Quantitative data that population was increasing more quickly than food production in Europe
Term
Reverend Gilbert White
Definition
Acute and detailed observations of plants, insects, bids and weather in Hampshire
First truly dedicated natural historians
Term
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
Definition
Their work, published beginning in 1858, provided a mechanistic theory for explaining biodiversity change. Darwin tended to focus on biotic interactions, and Wallace on the abiotic forces, influencing organisms.
Term
Frederic Claments and Henry Gleason
Definition
Rivals at interpreting community organization and successional change;
Clements - integrated superorganism view
Gleason - population specific
Term
Sir Arthur Tansley
Definition
Pioneer studying plant communities
Term
Sir Charles Elton
Definition
founder of Oxford’s Animal Ecology unit; popularized the niche concept and studied population cycles
Term
Robert MacArthur and Edward Wilson
Definition
built a broadly-used theory of biogeography; Wilson also integrated evolutionary ecology and social behaviour
Term
Joesph Connell
Definition
an extremely influential experimentalist anda prominent theorist in many parts of ecology
Term
Tony Sinclair
Definition
Serengeti ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity conservation consultant
Term
Charley Krebs
Definition
a major investigator of snowshoe-hare/lynx cycles in the Canadian North, and dryland ecology in Australia; widely adopted text author
Term
Rachel Carson
Definition
marine biologist, and among the first scientists to ring alarm bells for the degradation of ecosystems by human impact
Term
Descriptive Ecology
Definition
Surveying and collecting
Term
Functional Ecology
Definition
asking proximate questions about how current factors act to influence organisms and systems
Term
Evolutionary Ecology
Definition
Asking ultimate questions about why organisms and systems today act ask they do.
Term
What is ecology discussion questions
Definition
Relationships between the abiotic and biotic
The stats and measurements to describe habitats
Interactions among the living and non living in a habitat
Term
How do you measure interactions (positive and negative) between populations?
Definition
Death (population size)
fitness
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