Term
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Definition
| Number of individuals in given area or volume |
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Term
| Types of population dispersion |
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Definition
| Clumped, uniform, or random dispersion |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common dispersion in nature where individuals are grouped in patches, usually from unequal distribution of resources in environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Evenly spaced pattern which often results from interactions between individuals of a population |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals in a populations are spaced unpredictably due to abundant amounts of resources. |
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Term
| Examples for each type of population dispersion |
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Definition
Clumped: Schools of fish
Uniform: Plants secreting chemicals to inhibit growth around them
Random: Dandelions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chance of an individual in given population surviving to various ages |
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Term
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Definition
| Animals typically produce few offspring that are given good care with increased likelihood to survive to maturity |
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Term
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Definition
| Survivorship is constant over lifespan |
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Term
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Definition
| Animals typically produce large amounts of offspring and provide little/no care. |
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Term
| Example of Type I species |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of Type II species |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of Type III species |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gives idealized picture of unregulated population growth |
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Term
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Definition
| Description of idealized populations growth that is slowed by limiting factors as the population |
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Term
| Example of exponential growth model |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of logistic growth model |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Maximum population size a particular environment can sustain. |
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Term
| Logistic growth model: Low population level |
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Definition
| Abundant resources are available and population is allowed to grow exponentially |
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Term
| Logistic growth model: High population level |
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Definition
| Limiting factors strongly oppose population's potential to increase (less food/individual, fewer breeding territories, nest sites, shelters); birth rate is decreased, death rate increased, or both. |
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Term
| Factors that regulate growth in natural populations |
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Definition
| Competition among members of growing population for limited resources, limited resources (territory, space), population density, physiological factors (hormonal changes) |
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Term
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Definition
Boom: rapid exponential growth
Bust: Population falls back to minimal level |
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Term
| Example of boom-and-bust cycle |
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Definition
| Lemmings, snowshoe hare & lynx |
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Term
| Reasons for boom-and-bust cycles |
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Definition
Increased food supply
Winter food shortages
Predator-prey interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of events from birth through reproduction to death |
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Term
| Types of life history traits |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Raise few offspring and maintain relatively stable populations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce many offspring and grow rapidly in unpredictable environments |
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Term
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Definition
| Bears, elephants, coconut palms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Shift from zero population growth in which birth rates and death rates are high but roughly equal, to zero population growth characterized bu low birth and death rates |
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Term
| Reasons for change in population |
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Definition
Role of women in society (status, education, work)
Reduced family size
Access to contraceptive methods |
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Term
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Definition
Number of individuals in different age-groups.
Demographic tool helpful for predicting populations future growth |
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Term
| How age structure helps predict changes |
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Definition
Representing population within a 5-year age group stack on top of each other in a proportion of individuals.
Baby boom after WWII |
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Term
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Definition
| Estimate of the anount of land required to provide the raw materials an individual or nation consumers (includes food, fuel, water, housing, waste disposal) |
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Term
| Uneven use of natural resources |
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Definition
World's richest countries use 86% of world's resources
14% for rest of the world |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes all the organisms in a particular area |
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Term
| Interspecific interactions |
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Definition
| Affect the structure and dynamics of populations with in a community and can be categorized according to their effect on the interacting populations |
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Term
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Definition
| Represented by a food chain |
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Term
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Definition
| Stepwise flow of energy and nutrients from plants, to herbivores, to carnivores, to high level consumers |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes into account both the number of species in a community and the relative abundance of each species |
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Term
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Definition
| Have low biomass (relative abundance) but have significant impact on species diverisity |
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Term
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Definition
| Human caused or not, characterisric of most communities |
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Term
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Definition
| Transition in gradual colonization of barren rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| After a disturbance has destroyed a community but left the soil |
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Term
| Draw carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| Biodiversity effects on human welfare |
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Definition
| Environmental degradation threatening other species can calso harm us. We are dependent directly (use of organisms for food, products) and indirectly (ecosystem services) |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic diversity, species, and ecosystem diversity |
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Term
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Definition
| Within and between populations of a species that makes microevolution and adaptation to environment possible |
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Term
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Definition
| Variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout biosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| Network of community interactions among populations of different species within an ecosystem |
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