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| The scientific study of cellular structure and function is called |
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| All cells have (Please Learn Cells Now) |
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| Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acid |
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| photographs of tissues and cells taken through the microscope. |
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| The LM or Light Microscope |
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| uses visible light to produce its images. Single lens.. up to 1,200x magnification |
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| the ability to reveal detail. |
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| Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) |
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| view objects as small as .5 nm and can magnify up to 600,000x |
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| Fine detail is called cell ________ |
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| Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) |
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| uses gold on the specimen... SEM yields less resolution and lower magnification but produces dramatic 3d images |
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| There are _____ to ______ kinds of cells. |
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| The most useful unit of measurement for designating cell sizes is the |
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| Cells have the following Major components |
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| Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, Organelles, Inclusions, Cytosol, Nucleoplasm |
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| The ________ __________ forms the surface boundary of the cell |
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| The material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus is the |
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| the material within the nucleus is the |
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| the contents of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope it contains the cytoskeleton, a supportive framework of protein filaments and tubules |
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| diverse structures that perform various metabolic tasks for the cell |
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| are not metabolically active parts of the cell but include stored cell products such as lipids and pigments and foreign bodies such as dust and bacteria |
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| The Cytoskeleton, organelles and inclusions are embedded in a clear gel called ______ |
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| cytosol is also called ICF... what does ICF stand for |
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| a lipid composed of a hydrophilic head with a phosphate group and a nitrogenous group such as choline, and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails |
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| 20% of lipid molecules are |
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| 5% of membrane lipids are |
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| phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains bound to them. |
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| Proteins constitute from 1% to 10% of the molecules of the plasma membrane. Those that pass all the way through the membrane are called _______ ______ |
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| _______ ________ are those that do not protrude into the phospholipid layer but adhere to either face of the membrane, usually the intracellular face. |
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| is the net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration |
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| ______ occurs when water is more concentrated to the side where it is less concentrated |
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| osmosis, it is a form of simple diffusion |
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| ______ _______ a process of solute transport through a cellular membrane, down its concentration gradient, with the aid of a carrier protein, the carrier does not consume ATP |
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| ________ any process of vesicular transport of materials from the extracellular material into a cell, includes pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis. |
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| ____________a mode of vesicular transport in which a secretory vesicle of a cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents from the cell / secretion and discharge of cellular wastes. |
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| phagocytosis is also called |
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| cell eating.. it reaches out with pseudopods (foot like extensions) and surrounds a particle such as a bacteria to a phagosome to be digested.... IE.. white blood cells. |
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| _________a form of endocytosis in which the plasma membrane sinks in and internalizes a droplet of extracellular fluid in a pinocytotic vesicle |
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| pinocytosis aka cell drinking. |
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| 99% of the function of the cell is done by |
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| Proteins ///peripheral proteins that are attached and integral protein that are in the membrane |
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| ________reacts with water and ______ doest not react with water |
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| __________ speeds up rate of chemical reaction// biological catalyst |
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| __________ for hormones or neurotransmitters, serves as markers aka _________ |
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| ATP // adenosine triphosphate |
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| there are 27,000 to 30,000 different kinds of |
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| _______ is the brain of the cell// contains the dna information/// has a double membrane |
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| command center of the cell, directs cell activity |
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| every gene has _____ region and a ________ |
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| coding region and a promoter, the promoter can be turned on or off // prevents or allows transcribing // |
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| smooth endoplasmic reticulum combined with ribosomes create |
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| rough endoplasmic reticulums |
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| the _____ ______ is a small system of cisternae that synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids |
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| The cell cycle 4 phases are |
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| during the __ _ phase the cell synthesizes proteins |
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| during the ______ phase carries out dna replication |
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| during G2 phase what happens |
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| it is a brief interval between dna replication and cell division, a cell finishes replicating its centrioles and synthesizes enzymes that control cell division |
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| phases G1, S, G2 are referred to as ______ phase, and the M phase is when the cell splits |
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