Term
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Definition
| Dynamic Equilibrium "Changing to Stay the Same" |
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Term
| List Steps of Scientific Method |
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Definition
1. Observation: Starts with a question
2. Literature Search: Usually 2 years or so
3.Hypothesis - Educated Guess
4. Experimenting: a. Control Group b. Experimental Group
5. Analyze Data: Conclusions |
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Term
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Definition
1. Overwhelming evidence
2. Best way to understand a concept
3. Much data to support
4. Stands the test of time |
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Term
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback |
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Definition
Negative Feedback - Action of effectors reversed direction of changes that stimulated the effectors
Positive Feedback - Action of effectors amplifies changes that stimulated effectors |
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Term
| 4 Categories of Tissues and functions |
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Definition
1. Connective - Mixture of functions
2. Epithelial - Usually lining and protective (eg. Esophagus, Skin)
3. Muscle - Skeletal: Voluntary movement
Smooth: Movement
Cardiac: Involuntary movement
4. Nervous - communication with neurons |
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Term
| Flowchart of Organ System |
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Definition
| Cells > Tissues > Organs > Organ System |
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Term
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Definition
1. Plasma Membrane - selectively permeable, structure, support
2. Nucleus - Contains DNA
3. Mitochondria - Converts ATP Energy
4. Ribosome - Makes proteins
5. Rough ER - Makes proteins
6. Smooth ER - Makes lipids
7. Golgi - Packaging
8. Lysosomes - Breaks down enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
Diffusion - Moving from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Osmosis - movement of water |
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Term
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Definition
-When a cell is not in Mitosis it's in Interphase
-Chromosomes double
-Organelles double
-Can be short(skin), long or permanent(neurons) |
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Term
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Definition
Mitosis - "Big Idea" - 1 cell (23 pairs "46" chromosomes) > 2 cells (23 pairs "46" chromosomes)
Stages:
1. Prophase - Chromosomes are visible
2. Metaphase - Chromosome meet in middle with sister chromatid
3. Anaphase - Sister chromatids split
4. Telophase - Cell splits |
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Term
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Definition
-Chromosomes double
-Pair up and swap segments during crossing over
-To work successfully must have same genes and lots of variety from crossing over |
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Term
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Definition
| information about a trait |
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Term
| Spernatogenesis & OOgenesis |
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Definition
Spermatogenesis start with 1, ends with 4
OOgenesis starts with 1, ends with 1 |
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Term
Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome)
Trisomy 18 (Edward's Syndrome)
Trisomy 13 (Patan's Syndrome) |
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Definition
21 - Third chromosome on 21 because sister chromatid didn't split right
18 - Third chromosome on 18
13 - Third chromosome on 13 |
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Term
| Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Klinefelters - xxy Have testes not always able to produce
Turners - xo usually have non functional ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything that risks syndromes etc. |
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Term
| Protein Structure and behavior |
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Definition
Primary Structure - chain of amino acids
Secondary Structure - coils/folds
Tertiary Structure - bends over inside itself |
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Term
| Enzyme Properties Table 4.4 |
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Definition
-Composed of proteins
-Fast, resuseable
-Build up / breakdown
-Specific, active site eg. specifically designed to breakdown a carbohydrate |
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Term
| Factors that change an enzyme |
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Definition
Heat - denatured (lose tertiary structure)
Cold - slow down
pH - denatured |
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Term
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Definition
Help enzyme do a job
Eg. zinc, magnesium, calcium |
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Term
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Definition
Help enzyme do a job
Eg. NADH <> NAD - lose or gain nitrogen
FADH2 <> FADH |
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Term
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Definition
Glucose + O2 > CO2 + H2O + Energy > ATP
Know table in notes
Produces 36 ATP at maximum efficiency |
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Term
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Definition
1. ATP lasts 5 seconds
2. Creatine-P last 15 seconds
3. Cellular Respiration
-Glucose > ATP - more exercise
-Fats > ATP - more fat & vice versa |
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Term
DNA Definition
DNA Nucleotide Properties |
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Definition
Deoxyribonucleic Acid - Double Stranded
Nucleotides contain
1. Sugar (Deoxyribose)
2. Phosphate
3. Base
Purines Pyrimidines
Adenine <> Thymine
Guanine <> Cytosine |
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Term
RNA Definition
RNA Nucleotide Properties |
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Definition
Ribenucleic Acid
Nucleotide
1. Sugar (Ribose)
2. Phosphate
3. Base
Purines Pyrimidines
Adenine <> Uracil
Guanine <> Cytosine |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows the DNA ladder to unzip |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs inside the nucleus when DNA allows nRNA to make a copy of one side of the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs at the ribosome attached to the rough ER with help from the tRNA |
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Term
Skin Tissues and Structures
Functions |
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Definition
Epidermis - Stratified Squamous epithelial tissues protect the skin
Dermis - dense areolar connective tissue contains exocrine glands, eg. sweat and sebaceous glands, hair bulbs and nerves
Hair - transports sebum to the skin
Hair pore - transports sebum and has a sebaceous gland attached
Sebaceous gland - produces oil which is transferred t surface of the skin by hairs which helps to prevent the dead epithelium from drying and cracking |
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