Term
|
Definition
| A taxonomic level above Kingdom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Polymers of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides that carry from species to species. The effect is a single molecular network enclosing and protecting the entire cell. Archaea do not have peptidoglycan.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used to separate species into two groups based on differences in their cell walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have cell walls with a large amount of peptidoglycan that traps violet dye. Gram-positive pathenogenic bacteria tend to be less harmful than gram-negative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have less (in some cases none) peptidoglycan which allows the violet dye to be rinse away, leaving a red dye. As pathogens, these are generally more threatening than gram-positive bacteria, and are commonly more resisitant to antibiotics because their outer membrane impedes entry of the drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement toward or away from a stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Region in a prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small ring of DNA consisting of only a few genes. These endow the cell with genes for resistance to antibiotics, metabolism of unusual nutrients, and for other special contingencies. Plasmids replicate independently of the main chromosome, and many can be readily transferred between patners when prokaryotes conjugate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process by which prokaryotes take up genes from the surounding environment, allowing for considerable genetic transfer between prokaryotes, even across species ines. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Direct transfer of genes from one prokaryote to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transfer of genes to prokaryotes from viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A thick-coated, resistant cell produced within a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Photosymthetic organisms that harness light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide. Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic prokaryotes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Need only carbon dioxide as a carbon source. They obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances. Unique to certain prokaryotes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can use light to generate ATP, but must obtain their carbon in organic form. Unique to certain prokaryotes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decomposers that absorb nutrients from dead organic matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Absorbs nutrients from the body of a living host |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by some prokaryotes into nitrogenous compounds that can be directly used by plants. Conversion of nitrogen (N2) to ammonium (NH4+) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot grow without it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Will use oxygen if it is present, but can also grow by fermentation in an anerobic environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use of inorganic molecules other than oxygen to accept electrons at the "downhill" end of the electron transport chain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Archaea. Survive in extreme environments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Obtain energy by using carbon dioxide to oxidize hydrogen gas, producing methane. These organisms are poisoned by oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Live in saline environments such as the Great Salt Lake and the Dead Sea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits, and the other is nether benefitted nor harmed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organisms that are normal residents of a host, but which can cause ilness when the host's defenses are weakened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins secreted by prokaryotes, which produce disease even without the originating prokaryote being present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Component of the outer membranes of certain prokaryotes, such as gram-negative bacteria. Capable of causing disease, and symptoms of fever and ache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air and soil |
|
|
