Term
| What is the purpose of Carbohydrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when you excercise? |
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Definition
| Your metabolic rate goes up and stays high for some time when you finnish. |
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Term
| What can eating too much lead to? |
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Definition
| It can lead to obesity and obesity related health problems eg Arthritis, Type 2 Diabetes, High Blood Pressure and Heart Disease. |
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Term
| What can eating too little lead to? |
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Definition
| It can lead to malnourishment and other malnourishment problems eg slow growth, fatigue, poor resistance to infection, irregular periods, scurvy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fatty substance that is essential for good health and found in every cell in the body. An increased blood cholesterol level increased the risk of cancer. |
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Term
| What does food with more Salt (sodium) lead to? |
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Definition
| Health problems such as high blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very small living cells which make you feel ill by damaging your cells and producing toxins. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are not cells and they replicate themselves by invading your cells and using that cells machinery to produce many copies of themselves causing the cell to burst releasing all the new viruses. The cell damage makes you ill. |
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Term
| How does your body prevent microorganisms getting inside the body? |
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Definition
| Your skin, hairs and mucus inside your respiratory track stop there microorganisms from getting inside your body. Also platelets help blood clot quickly to seal wounds. |
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Term
| What are the three ways White Blood Cells fight disease. |
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Definition
1. Consuming them and digesting them.
2. Producing antibodies to attach to the foreign antigens and kill the cell.
3. Producing antitoxins to counteract toxins produced by invading bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vaccinations involve injecting small amounts of dead or inactive microorganisms which carry antigens which causes your white blood cells to produce antibodies to attack them. This prevents you from getting the disease in the future as your cells remember the foreign cell and can rapidly produce the antibodies to fight the disease off. |
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Term
| Name some Advantages of Vaccines. |
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Definition
1. Helped control lots of diseases which were once common eg Polio and Rubella.
2. Epidemics can be prevented if a large number of the population are injected. |
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Term
| Name some Disadvantages of Vaccines. |
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Definition
1. They don't always work.
2. You can sometimes get a bad reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Painkillers (eg Asprin) are drugs that relieve pain, they don't get rid of the disease only relieve the symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotics (eg Penicillin) are drugs that kill bacteria, without killing your own body cells.
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Term
| How can Bacteria become resistant to Antibiotics? |
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Definition
| Bacteria can mutate and be resistant to antibiotics. When antibiotics are used, only the non-resistant strain will be killed. The resistant bacteria will survive and reproduce. This is an example of natural selection. |
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Term
| How is Agar Jelly used to investigate antibiotics? |
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Definition
| Microorganisms are grown in a culture medium (agar jelly) containing the microorganisms to grow. Agar jelly is poured into a petri dish. Inoculating loops are used to transfer microorganisms to the agar jelly. Paper discs of antibiotics are placed around them. The resistant strains will continue to grow but the non-resistant strains will die. |
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Term
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Definition
| He worked in a General Hospital in the 1840's and he saw that women were dying in huge numbers after childbirth from a disease called Puerperal Fever. He believes doctors were spreading the disease on their unwashed hands. By telling doctors to wash their hands in an antiseptic solution, he cut the death rate from 12% to 2%. |
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Term
| What is the Central Nervous System? |
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Definition
| Where all the information from the sense organs are sent and where the reflexes and actions are coordinated. |
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Term
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Definition
| The connection between two neurones. The nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse against the gap. |
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Term
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Definition
| Automatic responses to certain stimuli - reducing the chances of being injured. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus, Receptor, Sensory Neurone, Relay Neurone, Motor Neurone, Effector, Response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical messengers which travel in the blood to activate target cells. |
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Term
| Name three characteristics of Nerves. |
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Definition
1. Very fast action
2. Act for a very short time
3. Act on a very precise area. |
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Term
Name three characteristics of Hormomes. |
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Definition
1. Slow action
2. Act for a long time
3. Act in a more general way |
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Term
| Name the four stages of the Menstrual Cycle. |
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Definition
1. Lining of the uterus breaks down
2. Lining of the uterus builds up
3. Egg is released
4. Lining of the uterus is maintained |
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Term
| Where is FSH produced and what does it do? |
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Definition
Produced in the Pituitary Gland and causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries.
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Term
Where is LH produced and what does it do? |
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Definition
Produced in the Pituitary Gland and stimulates the release of an egg to mature in around the middle of the menstrual cycle.
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Term
| Where is Oestrogen produced and what does it do? |
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Definition
Produced in the Ovaries and causes the Pituitary Gland to produce LH and also inhibits the release of an egg.
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Term
| How is Oestrogen used to reduce fertility. |
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Definition
| It prevents the release of an egg. If the level of Oestrogen remains high, it inhibits the production of FSH so egg developments stops. |
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Term
How is FSH used to increase fertility. |
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Definition
| Used to stimulate egg release in ovaries. |
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