Term
| Respiration yields ____ times more ATP/glucose than does fermentation |
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Definition
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Term
| Inhibition of enzyme activity |
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Definition
1- normal binding 2-competitive inhibition 3- noncompetitive inhibition |
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Term
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Definition
| a competitive inhibitor mimics the substrate competing for the active site |
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Term
| noncompetitive inhibition |
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Definition
| a noncompetitive inhibitor binds to the enzyme away from the active site, altering the conformation of the enzyme so that its active site no longer functions properly |
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Definition
| noncompetitive inhibition with allosteric enzymes |
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Definition
| reaction in which there is a transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in cytoplasm 6-carbon glucose makes two 3-carbon pyruvates +ATP+NADH |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in mitochondrion matrix pyruvate makes CO2 + ATP +NADH and FADH2 |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in membrane of mitochondrion electrons + O2 yield ATP + H2O |
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Term
| Glycolysis key points (5) |
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Definition
initial steps require ATP Later steps produce more ATP than used Produces NADH Final product of 1 6-carbon glucose is 2 3-carbon pyruvates YIELDS 2ATP and 2NADH |
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Term
| Important Kreb Cycle facts (5) |
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Definition
Acetyl-CoA adds its 2 carbon to a 4 carbon chain making a 6 carbon molecule the 6 carbon molecule is 'first' component to Kreb Cycle reaction of Krebs cycle takes 6-carbon molecule and produces the 4-carbon again the two lost carbons form CO2 Twice through Kreb Cycle yields- 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 |
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Term
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Definition
1- H+ diffusion thought channel in ATP synthase spins channel proteins 2- Deformation of proteins catalyzes synthesis of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| can accept electrons and acts as electron carrier in the electron transport chain. |
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Definition
| energy coupling mechanism, uses energy stored in the form of hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work. (synthesis of ATP) |
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Term
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Definition
| the entry compound for the citric acid cycle formed from a fragment of of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy required to make a reaction happen |
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Term
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Definition
| specific portion of an enzyme that binds the substrate by means of multiple weak interactions and that forms the pocket in which catalysis occurs. |
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Definition
| the reactant on which an enzyme works |
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Term
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Definition
| any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme |
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Definition
| an organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Example - vitamins |
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Definition
| the binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site |
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Definition
| a kind of allosteric regulation whereby a shape change in one subunit of a protein cause by substrate binding is transmitted to all the others, facilitating binding of subsequent substrate molecules. |
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Definition
| catabolic process that makes a limited amount at ATP form glucose without an electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
| the catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules for production of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of electrons from a substances involved in a redox reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| the addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction |
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Definition
| the electron acceptor in a redox reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| the electron donor in a redox reaction |
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Term
| substrate-level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| the formation of ATP by an enzyme directly transferrin a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism |
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Definition
| an iron containing protein that is a component of electron transport chain |
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Definition
| a complex of several membrane proteins that provide a port for which protons diffuse |
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Definition
| the potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis |
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Definition
| glycolysis followed by the conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide to ethyl alcohol |
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Definition
| glycolysis followed by the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, with no release of carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to to anaerobic respiration or fermentation if oxygen is not. |
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