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Biology 151 final exam
evolution unit
10
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/13/2011

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Term
Lamarck
Definition
First came up with a comprehensive and mechanistic theory of evolution: inheritance of acquired characteristics. use and disuse (later proved incorrect).
Term
Linnaeus
Definition
attempted to classify lifes diversity fo"for the greater glory of God". Developed the system of naming organisms according to genus and species. by grouping similar species into increasingly general categories.
Term
Cuvier
Definition
noticed the disappearance and appearance of speices between layers of strata. Catastophism
Term
Lyell
Definition
introduced unifortarianism-mechanisms of charge are constant over time. Same geologic procceses happening today as in the past and at the same rate.
Term
The origin of species
Definition
1) descent with modification
2) artificial and natural selection and adaptation (selective breeding=artificial selection)
Term
Darwin's four observations
Definition
1) members of a population var greatly in their traits
2) traits are inherited from parents to offspring
3) all species are capable of producing more offspring than their environment can support.
4) owing to lack of food or resources many of these offspring do not survey.

infereces: individuals with traits better suited for surviving leave behind more offspring. this unequal ability of individuals to survive leads to favorable traits in the population over time.
Term
natural selection is a reaction between:
Definition
a population and the environment (not an individual)
Term
homology
Definition
Related species that have characteristics with an underlying similarity even though they may have very different functions (resulting from a common ancestry)
Term
homologous structures
Definition
variations on a structural theme that was present in a common ancestor
ie: human arm, cat leg, whale fin-forelimbs of all mammals (all bones have same general structure)
Term
vestigial structures
Definition
remnants of features that served important functions in the organisms acceptors (snakes have leftover bones from the pelvis and leg bones of walking ancestors)
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