Term
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Definition
-Only 1 Parent
-All Offspring have the same genotype and phenotype as parent (clones of the parent)
-Saves a lot of energy b/c you don't have to find a mate, attract a mate, breed, etc.
- Cheapest way to reproduce in terms of energy
- No variation; if environment changes dramatically, all species will die off
- Great for species if the environment does not change |
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Term
| Fragmentation aka Fission |
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Definition
-Animal will split into two or more pieces
- Each half will become a new individual species
-Flatworms
-Sea Stars if cut into two each part will become an organism |
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Term
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Definition
-Offspring arrives as outgrouth of parent that breaks away
-Hydra |
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Term
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Definition
-Bugs and lizard species use this
- Modification of sexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into an offspring of that species (the egg is already a diploid) |
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Term
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Definition
-Very expensive in energy (producing the egg and sperm and finding a mate and such)
- Among the vertebrates you can tell the female from the male
-Hermaphroditic: very expensive in energy; done by worms b/c the chances that they run into another worm that is a different sex is very small so they can mate with anyone; mating with the wrong sex is a waste of energy
-Works very well |
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Term
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Definition
-Very expensive in energy (producing the egg and sperm and finding a mate and such)
- Among the vertebrates you can tell the female from the male
-Hermaphroditic: very expensive in energy; done by worms b/c the chances that they run into another worm that is a different sex is very small so they can mate with anyone; mating with the wrong sex is a waste of energy
-Works very well |
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Term
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Definition
-Aquatic organisms
- Less evolved
-Eggs and sperm are dropped in the water with the hope that they will combine and produce and offspring
-They must produce a ton of eggs
Lots of energy to produce so many gametes so it is a waste of energy when they are not all producing an offspring |
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Term
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Definition
-First developed in reptiles
- Male puts sperm into the female in smaller quantities and the female does not have to produce as many eggs
-Save energy
-Offspring grows in the female until they give birth
-Young need to be taken care of
-Controlled by chemicals (hormones)
-Mammal took over the world b/c they can reproduce sexually very quickly |
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Term
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Definition
-Starts at puberty and ends a menopause
- Periodic shedding tissues of inner lining of uterus (endometrium
- Can range from every 22-36 days but usually every 28 days |
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Term
| Pituitary gland and menstrual cycle |
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Definition
-Produces hormones that control the menstrual cycle
-FSH, Estrogen, LH |
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Term
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Definition
Follicle simulating hormone
- Causes follicle (immature egg) in an ovary to undergo last stages of meiosis and get ready for reproduction-becomes a mature egg
- Follicle secretes estrogen
- Surge at 14 days |
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Term
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Definition
| -Helps to rebuild the endometrium of the uterus to get ready for reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
-At 14 days there is a surge of LH
-Causes ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
| -Release of egg from ovary into fallopian tubes (one on each side) which will enter the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
-Tissue that was follicle
-Produces estrogen
-Produces progesterone
(1) Helps to rebuild the endometrial wall (lots of glycogen stored there in prep for the embryo
(2) Stimulates blodd vessel development in tissue of uterus b/c if egg implants you need rich blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
-LH decreases
-causes a dramatic fall of estrogen and progesterone production
-Endometrial wall degenerates at about 24-28 days
- When hormones are low enough the endometrial wall is shed |
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Term
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Definition
-embryo immediately starts mitosis
- Embryo becomes embedded into endometrium (few days after fertilization); implantation
-Implantation |
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Term
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Definition
-New layer develops around embryo
-Layer releases HCG
-Eventually layer will develop into placenta; exchange organ between the mom and baby through diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
-Human chorionic gonadatropin: prevents degeneration of endometrial wall for embryo
-Tells body to keep producing estrogen and progesterone in order to keep endometrial wall for embryo
-What pregnancy tests detect |
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Term
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Definition
-Acts as a gland and makes sure that hormones are continually being released so the endometrial wall is intact
-Makes sure that no fertilization occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| LH and FSH hormones enable males to make sperm |
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