Term
| In many plants bacteria infects their roots to form nodules. This is a mutalisitic relationship meaning that both the plant and bacteria derive some benefit. What benefit do the plants derive from this relationship? |
|
Definition
| The bacteria fixate nitrogen which the plants need for proper growth |
|
|
Term
Which statement is false regarding the guard cells?
1. are specialized epidermal cells
2. are located primarily on the lower epidermis
3. surround the stomata
4. they close the stomata when filled with water
5.volume increases when potassium ions (K+) enter |
|
Definition
| they close the stomata when filled with water |
|
|
Term
| Which theory of water transport through plants states that hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to maintain a continues fluid a column as water is pulled from roots to leaves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In phloem organic compounds flow through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The life cycle of most plants involves the alternating between the sporophyte and gametophyte stage. This is referd to as |
|
Definition
| alternation of generations |
|
|
Term
| True or false. Bark is composed if periderm and secondary phloem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true or false. Perfect flowers have both make and female reproductive parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On what aspect of plant growth do gibberellians have the greatest effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which environmental factors influences seed germination?
-humidity
-temperature
-light
-rainfall
-all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which statement most accuretly describes why stems bend toward a light |
|
Definition
| the cells on the stem surface away from the light elongate |
|
|
Term
| true or false. Clay is composed of negatively charged particles that attract minerals from water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true or false. Water is transported through the xylem both upwards and downwards |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true or false. The guard cells from a waxy surround around the vascular cylinder in a root thereby forcing water into the vascular tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
vascular plant tissues includes all of the following except
1.vessel elements
2.sieve tubes
3. tracheids
4. companion cells
5. cambium cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?
A) increases apical dominance
B) inhibits the growth of lateral buds
C) produces a plant that will grow taller
D) produces a plant that will grow fuller
E) increases the flow of auxin down the shoot |
|
Definition
| produces a plant that will grow fuller |
|
|
Term
One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that
A) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem.
B) root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not.
C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots.
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves.
E) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not. |
|
Definition
| a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots. |
|
|
Term
I. root cap
II. zone of elongation
III. zone of cell division
IV. zone of cell maturation
V. apical meristem
38) Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?
A) I, II, V, III, IV
B) III, V, I, II, IV
C) II, IV, I, V, III
D) IV, II, III, I, V
E) I, V, III, II, IV |
|
Definition
| root cap, apical meristem, zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of maturation |
|
|
Term
Land plants are composed of all the following tissue types except
A) mesodermal.
B) epidermal.
C) meristematic.
D) vascular.
E) ground tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system; several growth rings evident in a cross section of the
stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?
A) herbaceous eudicot
B) woody eudicot
C) woody monocot
D) herbaceous monocot
E) woody annual |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called
A) hairs.
B) xylem cells.
C) phloem cells.
D) stomata.
E) sclereids. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?
A) primary xylem
B) secondary xylem
C) secondary phloem
D) mesophyll cells
E) vascular cambium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true or false. xylem transports mainly sugars and amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Root hairs are most important to a plant because they |
|
Definition
| increase the surface area for absorbtion |
|
|
Term
| what is the main force by which most of the water within the xylem vessels move toward the top of the tree? |
|
Definition
| evaporation of water through the stomata |
|
|
Term
| what describes the fate of most of the water taken up by a plant? |
|
Definition
| most water is lost during transpiration |
|
|
Term
A growing plant exhibits chlorosis of the leaves, especially the older, more mature ones. The chlorosis is probably due to a deficiency of which of the following macronutrients?
A) carbon
B) magnesium
C) nitrogen
D) calcium
E) hydrogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the products of meiosis are always which of the following? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
all of the following flower parts are directly involved in pollination/ fertilization except the
-stigma
-anther
-sepal
-carpel
-style |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower? |
|
Definition
| Sepal-petal-stamens-carpels |
|
|
Term
in flowering plants, pollen is released from the
A) anther.
B) stigma.
C) carpel.
D) filament.
E) pollen tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the relationship between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants?
A) Fertilization precedes pollination.
B) Pollination easily occurs between plants of different species.
C) Pollen is formed within megasporangia so that male and female gametes are near each other.
D) Pollination brings gametophytes together so that fertilization can occur.
E) If fertilization occurs, pollination is unnecessary. |
|
Definition
| pollination brings gametophytes together so that fertilization can occur |
|
|
Term
What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms?
A) The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue.
B) A triploid zygote is formed.
C) Both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed.
D) Two embryos develop in every seed.
E) The fertilized antipodal cells develop into the seed coat. |
|
Definition
| both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you were shipping green bananas to a supermarket thousands of miles away which chemicals would you want to eliminate from the plants environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in order to flower a short day plant needs |
|
Definition
| nights that are longer than a certain length |
|
|
Term
| true or false.a plants shoot system contains all of its above ground parts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in general, which is not a plants response to herbivores
A) domestication, so that humans can protect the plant
B) attracting predatory animals, such as parasitoid wasps
C) chemical defenses, such as toxic compounds
D) physical defenses, such as thorns
E) production of volatile molecules |
|
Definition
| domestication so that humans can protect the plant |
|
|
Term
| all of the following are characteristics of monocots except |
|
Definition
| vascular tissue arranged in circular ring around pith in the stem |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the apical meristem |
|
Definition
| allows the plant to undergo primary growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in diameter in roots and stems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this type of tissue is meristematic, and gives rise to the ground tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this type of meristematic tissue gives rise to the vascular tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this tissue is found covering the planst surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this type of tissue is meristematic and gives rise to the dermal tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| xylem and phloem are examples of this type pf tissue |
|
|
Term
| in what type of soils condition do plants grow best |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the removal of nutrients from soil as water percolates through it |
|
|
Term
| what is the waxy band that forces water to flow throught the endodermal cells and into the vascular cylinders instead of around them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells are tissues as tissues are to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a typical multicellular animal the circulatory system interacts with various specialized surfaces in order to exchange materials with the exterior environment. which of the following is not an example of such an exchange surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following tissues lines the kidney tubules
-connective
-epithelial
- nervous
-muscular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| callagenous fibers are primarily found in what type of animal tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following correctly describes the composition of stratified cuboidal epithelium |
|
Definition
| several layers of cube shaped cells |
|
|
Term
| if you gently twist your ear lobe it does not remain distorted because it contains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what joins muscles to bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cartilage is an example of which of the following types of tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the functional unit of a nervous tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following describes skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal environment is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some nutrients are considered "essential" in diets of certain animals because |
|
Definition
| they cannot be manufactured by the organism |
|
|
Term
| to leave the digestive tract a substance must cross a cell membrane. During which stage of food processing does this take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of these animals has a gastrovascular cavity?
A) Pigeon
B) Hydra
C) Elephant
D) Beetle
E) Leech |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smooth muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract |
|
|
Term
| what part of the digestive system have secretions with a pH of 2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which statement about pepsin is true?
A. splits maltose into monosaccharides.
B. begins the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach.
C. helps stabilize fat-water emulsions.
D. is manufactured by the pancreas.
E. is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH. |
|
Definition
| begins the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach |
|
|
Term
| most nutrients are absorbed across the epithelium of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following statements about bile salts is true?
a) are enzymes.
b) are manufactured by the pancreas.
c) emulsify fats in the duodenum.
d) increase the efficiency of pepsin action.
e) are normally an ingredient of gastric juice in the stomach. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following structures is home to bacteria that produce vitamins as a by product of their metabolism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which portion of the digestive tract is most likely a hallway in a school building connecting one classroom to another? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following would probably contribute to constipation? a substance that |
|
Definition
| Promotes water reabsorbtion in the large intestine |
|
|
Term
| which group of animals would you expect to have a relatively long digestive tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are cattle able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material |
|
Definition
| They have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs. |
|
|
Term
| organisms in which a circulating body fluid is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the bodys cells are likely to have |
|
Definition
| closed circulatory systems |
|
|
Term
| true or false. Three chambered hearts generally consist of two atria and 1 ventricle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true or false. blood is carried directly to the lungs to obtain oxygen via the pulmonary veins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is correct for a blood pressure reading of 130/80? |
|
Definition
| The systolic pressure is 130 and The diastolic pressure is 80. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following conditions is commonly referred to as high blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following describes a defect in one or more valves of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is characterized as plaque formation by infiltration of lipids into arterial smooth muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sequence of blood flow can be observed in a mammal |
|
Definition
| vena cava - right atrium-right ventricle -pulmonary circuit |
|
|
Term
| Tracheal systems for gas exchange are found in which organisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because |
|
Definition
| the rib muscle and diaphragm contract increasing the lung volume |
|
|
Term
| t or f. The tidal volume would be different in a person at rest compared with when the person exercise |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The blood level of which gas is most important in controlling human respiration rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Bhor shift on the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by charges in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F. Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood in humans is attached to the hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Physical barriers to invasion by other organisms
A) include the skin and the mucous membranes.
B) are difficult for bacteria and viruses to penetrate.
C) may work in conjunction with secretions like tears, perspiration, and mucus.
D) Only A and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each indication below is a clinical characteristic of inflamation except |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s fogerin molecules that trigger generation of molecules |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not part if an antibody molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If a persons bone marrow were destroyed by radiation which of the following cells could not be produced
a) B cells
B) T cells
C) erythrocytes
D) neutrophils
E) all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient is found to have self reactive t cells that mount an immune response against their body's own tissue. Which of the following would not be a candidate for the diagnosis of the patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to people when they receive flu vaccination |
|
Definition
| they develop active immunity to the flu |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following would be most benificial in treating and individual who has been bitten by a poisonus snake that has a fast acting toxin |
|
Definition
| injection of antibodies to the toxin |
|
|
Term
| T or F. Placental transfer of antibodies is an example of naturally aquired passive immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All the following are usually considerd disorders of the immune system except |
|
Definition
| MHC induced transparent rejection |
|
|
Term
| T or F. The hepatic portal system circulates blood that has picked up nutrients from the intesines to live for detoxification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As an embryo develops new cells are formed and different typed of cells develope by the process of cell division and differentiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
As an embryo develops new cells are formed and different typed of cells develope by the process of cell division and differentiation
-cleavage,blastula,morula,gastrula
-cleavage,gastrula,blastula, morula
-gastrula,blastula, morukla,clevage
-cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula |
|
Definition
| cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula |
|
|
Term
| What is the process called that involves the movement of cells into new reliable positions in an embryo and results in the establishment of three germ tissue layers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After gastralation the outer to inner sequence of tissue layers in a vertebtrare is |
|
Definition
| ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
|
|
Term
| t or f. Without the formation of ectoderm verts would not form a pancrease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In placental mammals what is the major function of the yolk sac during development |
|
Definition
| it produces blood cells that then migrate into the embryo |
|
|
Term
Which of the following plays a major role in gas exchange in mammalian embryo
yolk sac
chorion
ectoderm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acutane is an acne medication that was … severe internal organ malformations. What development process did this drug effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following not an extraemcryonic membrane that developes from the embryos of reptiles birds and mammals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a function of the integument system
protection
body temperature regulation
cutaneous sensation
metabolic functions
blood reservoir and excretion
all of these |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect
-they are used to communicate between cells
-they are used to communicate between orgamisms
-they help regulate body temp
-they aid in the regulation of blood pressure |
|
Definition
| They are used to communicate between different organisms. |
|
|
Term
| The hypothalamus controls the anterior petuitary by means of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which combination of hormones helps mother produce milk and nurse baby |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iodine is added to commercially prepared table salt to help prevent deficiencies of this essential mineral. Which gland required iodine to function properly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
One reason a person might be severly overwight is due to
-hyposecretion of thyroxine
-hpersecretion of thyroxine
-hyposecretion of oxytocin
-hypersecretion of oxytocin |
|
Definition
| hyposecretion of thyroxine |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an endocrine gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t or F. Glacagon exters antagonistic action PTH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when beta cells of the pancreas release insulin into the blood |
|
Definition
| body cells take up more glucose |
|
|
Term
| this is secreted by the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this stimulates the contraction of uterine muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is secreted by the anterior pituitary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| steriod hormone that triggers molting in anthropods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this stimulates and maintains metabolic processes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
asexual reproduction in animals might involve
A) fission and budding.
B) fragmentation and mitosis.
C) regeneration.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in men the extratory and reproductive system share which structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are human sperm cells produces |
|
Definition
| Seminiferous tubules of the testes |
|
|
Term
| what comprises that fluid part of semen |
|
Definition
| semen and secretions from the prostate gland bulbourethral glands and seminal vesicles |
|
|
Term
| what effect would surgical removal of the seminal vesicles have on the human male reproductive system |
|
Definition
| Semen would not contain energy providing nutrients for the sperm |
|
|
Term
| what is the narrow opening of the human uturus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following male and female structures consist largely of erectile tile richly supplied with nerve endings |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in humans the egg is released from the ovary and enters the ovaduct. how is this accomplished? |
|
Definition
| The egg is drawn into the oviduct by the action of beating cilia located in the opening of the oviduct |
|
|
Term
| t or f. one function of the corpus luteum is to produce progesteren and estrogen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fertilization of a human egg takes place in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which substance when found in urine indicates pregnancy |
|
Definition
| HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) |
|
|
Term
how do different contraceptive methods work.
-prevent the release of sperm and egg.
-keep sperm and egg seperated
-prevent implantation of an embryo
-all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following is true of urea.
A) insoluble in water.
B) more toxic to human cells than ammonia.
C) the primary nitrogenous waste product of humans.
D) the primary nitrogenous waste product of most birds.
E) the primary nitrogenous waste product of most aquatic invertebrates. |
|
Definition
| primary nitrogenous waste products of humans |
|
|
Term
| t or f. The advantages of excreting waste as uric acid rather than ammonia is that uric acid is insoluble in H2O so it can be excreted as a semisolid in animals that don't have acces to alot of H2O. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the process called by which materials are returned to the blood from the nephron fluid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which organism have excretory organs know as malpighian tubules
A) earthworms
B) flatworms
C) insects
D) jellyfish
E) both A and B |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is the fuctional unit of the kidney
A) cortex
B) vasa recta
C) nephron
D) bladder
E) glomerulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the vertebrate nephron consist of capilaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t or F. The renan/angiotension system is a major regulator glomular filtration in the nephrons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which structure passes urine to the renal pelvis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the following are functions of the mammalian kidney except
A) water reabsorption.
B) filtration of blood.
C) excretion of nitrogenous waste.
D) regulation of salt balance in the blood.
E) production of urea as a waste product of protein catabolism. |
|
Definition
| production of urea as a waste product |
|
|
Term
| T or F. as an embryo develops, new cells are formed and different types of cells develop by the process of cell division and differentiation. |
|
Definition
|
|
