Term
| Earth is located in the ____ ____ Galaxy. |
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Definition
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| Our sun is a ____ _____ star. |
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Definition
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| The Sun has been shining relatively steadily for _____ billion years. |
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Definition
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| As the Sun uses up its ____ fuel it will _____ _____. |
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Definition
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| In 3 billion years, the Sun will be hot enough to __________________. |
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Definition
| boil away Earth's oceans away. |
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| Pressues will _______ as the Sun uses up its hydrogen fuel. |
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Definition
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| The Earth is the ________ planet from the Sun. |
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Definition
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| Earth is the only planet in the solar system with a range of temperature that ____________ over most of its surface. |
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Definition
| Allows for the existance of liquid water |
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Term
| Average temperature of Earth is _____C. |
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Definition
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| The atmosphere holds in heat and its ozone layer precents _____ ____ ____ from penetrating to the surface. |
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Definition
| harmful short wavelength radiation |
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| The atmosphere is in reality, very thin, _______ of the atmosphere is w/in 11km. ____ is w/in 31 km of the Earth's surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| The air pressure at the surface is ________. |
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Definition
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| Air pressure at the surface of Venus is about _____ times the air pressure on Earth. |
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Definition
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| The air pressure on Venus is the same as the pressure a _______ deep in the Earth's oceans. |
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Definition
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| Its rocky composition provides the _____ _____ necessary for life. |
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Definition
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Term
| The universe as a whole is made up of _____ & ____. |
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Definition
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| Hydrogen and Helium are estimated to make up roughly ___% & ___% of all ________ matter in the universe respectively. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
The unifying features of life:
- distinguish living organisms from the _______________.
- suggests that all life _______________. |
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Definition
1. physical (non-living) environment
2. arose from a common ancestor |
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Term
| Evolution is the notion that species can ___________________. |
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Definition
| Evolve from one form to another over time. |
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Term
| Living organisms belong to ______ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Taxonomists _______ each species they recognize. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each species is adapted to a ________________ (niche). |
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Definition
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Term
| Each species is made up of _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Different degrees of relatedness exists between species b/c evolution is _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two ways to illustrate degrees of relatedness? |
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Definition
- Phylogenetic trees
- hierarchical classifications |
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Term
| What is the hierarchical classifications order? |
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Definition
| genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain. |
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Term
| What are several human (anthropogenic) influences? |
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Definition
| Habitat destruction, climate change, invasive species & biocontrol, altering natural communities by controlling fires on prairies, damming rivers, biotechnology - genes into other species. |
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Term
| What are interactions b/w extant species? |
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Definition
| Competition, symbioses, predator-prey interactions |
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Term
| Life resists a simple ________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is the structural, functional (psychological), reproductive and developmental unit of life. |
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Term
| Plasma membrane seperates the ______ from the ________ w/in the cell. |
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Definition
| chaos outside the cell, high degree of organization |
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Term
| This membrane retains w/in the cell the _________________. |
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Definition
| biomolecules synthesized by the cell |
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Term
| A biomolecule is any _________ that is produced by a ___________. |
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Definition
| organic molecules, living organisms |
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Term
| What are examples of biomolecules? |
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Definition
| Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. |
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Term
| Who is the "Father of Microscopy"? |
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Definition
| Robert Hooke - studied dead cork tissues |
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Term
| Anton von Leeuwenhoek is the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
Who saw compartments in plant tissues?
Who saw cells in animal tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the "Modern Cell Theory"? |
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Definition
| Living organisms are made of cells and all cells come from previously existing cells. |
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Term
| Cells are both ________ & __________________. |
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Definition
| distinct entities, the building blocks of more complex organisms |
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Term
| Unicellular organisms are defined as... |
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Definition
| if seperated they can survive on their own. |
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Term
| What is a multicellular organism? |
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Definition
| Defined as an organism that if its cells were seperated, they would die. The cells have some exchange of materials and coordination. |
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Term
| How would you determine if an organism is unicellular or multicellular? |
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Definition
| Examine it under a compound microscope, dissect it, or by size. |
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Term
| Why is the size of a multicellular organism limited? |
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Definition
| B/c its subject to the surface area to volume ratio. |
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Term
| Volume increases by the ____ but surface area only increases by the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| When diffusion is only efficient over what type of distances? |
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Definition
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| Cells interact _____ with the external environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| Eacb cell retains the ability to _____________. |
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Definition
| reproduce by cell devision |
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Term
| Can grow _________ due to the prescence of the many cells but also due to the _____________. |
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Definition
| larger in size, efficiences of division of labor |
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Term
| Size buffers change so its easier to maintain __________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Maintenance of internal steady state |
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Term
| Animals that are multicellular use ________ instead of cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Multicellularity in some may reduce _________ or it may enhance their ability to _____ _____ _____. |
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Definition
| Predation, store essential nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| When a cell commits suicide in response to external or internal signals in a way that avoids releasing material damaging to other cells. |
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Term
| A basic characteristic of life is its ______________ which is ________ organized into ________________ levels or categories. |
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Definition
| high degree of order, hierarchically, structural and functional |
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Term
| Arrangement of the levels (categories) is _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two ways you can study structures and processes of the levels of organisms? |
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Definition
simple to complex - genes to biospheres
small to large - algae to animals |
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Term
| Each category has ______ properties not found in the levels below it. |
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Definition
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Definition
| localized group of individuals of the same species |
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Definition
| all the Earth's ecosystems as a whole |
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Definition
| all the populations of the different species in an area. |
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Definition
| All organisms of all species in an area and all abiotic factors. |
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Term
| What are abiotic factors? |
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Definition
| Nature of soil, seasons and environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Association of many cells of the same type for a common function. |
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Definition
| Several tissues grouped together to accomplish several functions |
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Definition
| several organs that work together to perform a vital function. An example is the digestive system |
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Term
| Organ systems are ONLY present in ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lack membrane bond organelles so they do not have nucleus; single circular molecule of DNA, |
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Term
| In prokaryotes, the genetic material is located in a special region of the cytoplasm called the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In prokaryotes, cell division is by _____________________. |
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Definition
| Binary fission instead of mitosis |
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Term
| In prokaryotes, if the cells have flagella, the flagella never have _____________ in the 9x2+2 arrangement. |
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Definition
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Term
| In prokaryotes, they always have cell walls, usually made up of ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Peptidoglycan is made up of ...... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane bound organelles. Have a nucleus that contains the genetic material |
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Term
| In eukaryotes, asexual cell division is by _________. Sexual cell division is by _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the eukaryote has a cell wall, it consists of what? |
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Definition
Fungi- chitin
Plants- cellulose |
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Term
| Eukaryote cells are generally.... |
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Definition
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Term
| In eukaryotes, if the cells have flagella or cilia, the flagella or cilia always have ____________________________. |
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Definition
| Microtubules in the 9x2+2 arrangement. |
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Term
| When prokaryotes and eukaryotes are "spun" which sink deeper? |
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Definition
| Eukaryotes do. They consist of 4 kinds of rRNA and 82 proteins, this makes them bulkier and heavier. |
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Term
| What colour is an organism if it is gram positive? |
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Definition
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Term
| What colour is an organism if it is gram negative? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the layer of peptidoglycan is think, the cell will stain ________. |
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Definition
| purple. They are then considered to be gram positve. |
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Term
| The iodine binds the purple dye forming an ______ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of staining cells? |
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Definition
| Fixation (heat lamp), crystal violet (purple dye), Iodine treatment, decolorization, and then a counter stain safranin. |
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Term
| All cells have basically the same ______ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Saprotrophes release ______________________________ into their food to digest it. |
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Definition
| digestive enzymes from their cells |
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Term
| A saprotroph is any organism that ______________________________________________________________. |
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Definition
| absorbs soluble organic nutrients from inanimate sources (dead plant or animal matter) |
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