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Biology 120 Module 2
2
33
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/16/2006

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Term
4 types of macromolecules
Definition
carbs
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
Term
which macromolecules are polymers?
Definition
proteins, carbs, nucleic acids
Term
how are monomers bonded?
Definition
covalent bonds via dehydration synthesis aka condensation reaction

releases H2O AKA Hydrolysis
Term
What is hydrolysis
Definition
when bonds occur water is released, OH- and H+
Term
what is the monomer of carbs?
Definition
monosaccharides
Term
oligosaccharides
Definition
short chains of monosaccharides
Term
examples of oligosaccharides
Definition
sucrose, galactose, glucose, maltose, lactose
Term
bonds btw monosaccharides in oligosaccharides
Definition
glycosyidic linkages - alpha and beta
Term
polysaccharides
Definition
storage: glycogen&starch
structural: chitin&cellulose
Term
types of starch
Definition
amylose & amylopectin
Term
are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic
Definition
hydrophobic
Term
basic structure of fats
Definition
3 fatty acids & glycerol covalently bonded with ester linkage

aka triglycerides or triglycerols
Term
types of bonds in saturated fats, unsaturated and polyunsaturated
Definition
sat - single bonds
unsat - at least one double
polyunsat - at least 2 double bonds
Term
why are saturated fats solid at room temp?
Definition
saturated fats are "straight" molecules; therefore they can be stacked neatly.

unsat have kinks
Term
phospholipids
Definition
2 fatty acids and phosphate
Term
3 types of lipids
Definition
steriods, phospholipids and fats
Term
basic structure of steroids
Definition
4 fused carbon rings
have functional groups determine function
Term
how many amino acids are there
Definition
20
Term
structure of proteins
Definition
-common structure
-central carbon
-a hydrogen
-amino group
-carboxyl group
-variable R group
Term
types of bonds btw amino acids
Definition
peptide bonds
Term
8 types of protein
Definition
..
Term
proteins are enzymes
Definition
if end in "ase"
Term
4 levels of protein structure
Definition
primary - order of amino acids
secondary - a helix or b sheet
tertiary - reactions btw r groups
quaternary - proteins with 2 or more polypeptides
Term
3 causes of protein denaturation
Definition
pH change
ionic concentration change
temp change
Term
nucleic acids
Definition
DNA and RNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
ribonucleic acid
Term
nucleic acids structure and monomer
Definition
monomer is nucleotides
made of pentose, nitrogenous base and phosphate group
Term
names of pentoses in dna and rna
Definition
deoxyribose and ribose
Term
names of pentoses in dna and rna
Definition
deoxyribose and ribose
Term
names of pentoses in dna and rna
Definition
deoxyribose and ribose
Term
2 types of nitrogenous bases
Definition
pyrimidine and purine
Term
pyrimidines
Definition
cytosine, thymine, uracil
Term
purines
Definition
adenine, guanine
Term
purines
Definition
adenine, guanine
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