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Biology 120 Exam #3
Chapters 16,22,23
53
Biology
Undergraduate 2
11/06/2011

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Term
Define Indirect Development
Definition
Goes through stages of maturation(does not resemble the adult)
Term
Define direct development
Definition
The juvenile looks exactly like the adult.
Term
Which phylum includes more than 1 million identified species of invertebrates?
Definition
Phylum Arthropoda
Term
45,000 known animal species are ___ ?
Definition
Vertebrates (5,500 of these are mammals)
Term
10 of 37 phyla include species that live ___ ?
Definition
On land
Term
T/F No phylum contains only terrestrial animals.
Definition
True
Term
T/F All animals have aquatic ancestors.
Definition
True
Term
T/F Choanoflagellates were the first animal to arise 570 MYA.
Definition
True
Term
Which period was the oldest animal fossils found?
Definition
Precambrian Period
Term
Which period did animals diversify?
Definition
Cambrian Period
Term
What types of fossils can be found at Burgess Shale?
Definition
Sponges, Jellyfishes, Arthropods, Mollusks, and Worms
Term
4 major characteristics of Animals
Definition
1. Multicellular w/ eukaryotic cells (no cell walls)
2. Heterotrophs (obtain carbon and energy from organic compounds and organisms)
3. Reproduction process (blastula stage)
4. Cells secrete and bind to the extracellular matrix
Term
Parazoa & Eumetazoa is the 2 clades from the first branching of the ___ ?
Definition
Phylogenetic Tree
Term
T/F Animals can be classified by body symmetry?
Definition
True
Term
Sponges are asymmetrical meaning... ?
Definition
Lack symmetry
Term
Jellyfishes have radial symmetry meaning... ?
Definition
You can divide the body from the mouth to the anus from any plane and still have mirror images.
Term
Define Bilateral Symmetry
Definition
1 plane divides the animal into mirror images.
Term
The tendency to concentrate sensory organs and a brain at the end of the animal is called ?
Definition
Cephalization
Term
The Blastula folds to generate the ___?
Definition
Gastrula (composed of 2 or 3 tissue layers called primary germ layers)
Term
Jellyfishes have 2 germ layers where every other animals have 3 germ layers (except sponges). Name the 3 germ layers and their location.
Definition
Ectoderm- (Outside) develops skin and nervous system
Mesoderm-(Middle) Muscles, reproductive system
Endoderm-(Inside) Digestive track and its organs
Term
Define Protostomes
Definition
Mouth develops first, anus second
Term
Define Deuterostomes
Definition
Anus develops first, mouth second
Term
Match
A. Coelom
B. Pseudocoelom

1. Lined partly w/ a mesoderm and endoderm
2. A fluid filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm.
Definition
A2, B1
Term
What is the coelom's major advantage?
Definition
Flexibility
Term
Define incomplete digestive tract
Definition
The mouth takes in food and ejects waste.
Term
Define complete digestive tract
Definition
The mouth takes in food and the waste is ejected through the anus.
Term
Habitat-Aquatic
Body Structure- asymmetrical
Feeding- filter feeders
Movement- sessile(immobile)
Reproduction- asexual
Defense-produce toxic chemicals for defense
Human use- Bathing, anticancer drugs
Level of Organization- Cellular

What am I?
Definition
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
Term
Habitat-Aquatic
Body Structure- 2 radial symmetry forms (polyp and medusa)
Diversity- sea anemones are polyps and jellyfishes are medusas
Feeding-carnivores/ indirect digestive tract
Movement- hydrostatic skeleton (support and movement)
Reproduction- asexual and sexual reproduction
Defense-stinging for defense
Human use- Coral reefs protect coastlines from erosion, corals remove carbon from the atmosphere, sunscreen
Level of Organization- Tissue

What am I?
Definition
Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria)
Example- jellyfishes, coral reefs
Term
Habitat-free living
Body Structure- bilateral/unsegmented (flat)
Diversity-diversified into 3 groups (f-l f, f, t)
Feeding- incomplete digestive tract/feeds off blood/food through an intestine
No circulatory or respiratory systems,
Excretion- excrete waste through body pores
Has a nervous systems
Movement-creeping or swimming
Reproduction- asexual reproduction
Defense- has a protective mucus
Level of Organization- Organ System

What am I?
Definition
Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
Example- flukes, tapeworms, free-living flatworms
Term
Habitat- Terrestrial, marine, and freshwater
Body Structure- bilateral/ they have a mantle(shell), a muscular foot,scrap food into their mouths through a radula
Diversity- 4 groups
Chitons- Bivalves have 2 part, hinged shells, Gastropods crawl for movement,
Feeding- Bivalves filter feed. Snails ans slugs herbivores. Cephalopods eat fish.
Circulatory System- Mollusks have an open circulatory system( blood pumps through tissues). Cephalopods have a closed circulatory system (blood pumps though veins).
Respiratory System- Gills and lungs
Excretory System- Nephridium filters blood and produces urine.
Nervous System- Varies (simple to complex)
Movement- Hydrostatic skeleton/ Cephalopods move by jet propulsion(squirting water out of their siphons. Bivalves use the muscular foot to burrow. Snails and slugs glide on a trail of mucus.
Reproduction- Bivalves have external reproduction, Gastropods and cephalopods have internal reproduction
Defense- A hard shell, camouflage, squirt melanin-pigmented ink
Human use- Jewelry, food, etc.
Level of Organization- Organ System

What am I?
Definition
Mollusks
Term
Cnidocytes are used for ___ in Cnidarians.
Definition
Stinging
Term
What consists of a sessile stalk w/ tentacles on one end? (Cnidarians)
Definition
Polyp
Term
What is a free-swimming, bell-shaped, tentacles down body form? (Cnidarians)
Definition
Medusa
Term
Cephalization is present in what phylums?
Definition
Flatworms(Platyhelminthes), Mollusks, Annelids, Nematoda, Arthropods
Term
What has 8 flat shells that overlap like shingles?
Definition
Chitons (Mollusks)
Term
Oysters, Clams, Scallops, and Mussels are ___?
Definition
Bivalves
Term
Snails, Slugs, Sea Slugs, and Limpets are ___?
Definition
Gastropods
Term
Octopuses, squids, and nautiluses are ___?
Definition
Cephalopods
Term
What is 8 arms connecting directly to the head called?
Definition
Cephalopod
Term
Coelom is present in what phylums?
Definition
Mollusks, Annelids, Nematoda, Arthropods, Echinoderms
Term
Habitat- Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine
Body Structure- Bilateral
Diversity- 3 groups of Annelids
Feeding- Deposit feeders, blood-suckers, filter feeders, eat other organisms
Circulatory System- All Annelids have a closed circulatory system except leeches.
Respiratory System- Gills,exchange gases through the body walls
Excretory System- Complete digestive tract
Movement- Various (craw, burrow, swim, etc.)
Reproduction- Asexual, external fertilization
Human use- Fertilization to the soil, fish bait, medical purposes, etc.
Level of Organization- Organ System

What am I?
Definition
Segmented Worms (Annelids)
Term
What has a saddle-like thickening called a clitellum that is visible at all times?
Definition
Oligochaetes (Annelids)
Term
What has suckers and superficial rings called annuli?
Definition
Leeches (Annelids)
Term
What has paddle-like appendages called parapodia?
Definition
Polychaetes (Annelids)
Term
Habitat- Free-living, plants, and animals
Body Structure- Bilateral
Diversity- Genetic sequences, mouth shapes
Feeding- Feed on bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, suck blood
No Circulatory or Respiration Systems
Excretory System- Complete digestive tract
Nervous System- brain and 2 nerve cords
Movement- Hydrostatic skeleton
Reproduction- Sexual, Direct Development
Human use- Scientific Research
Level of Organization- Organ System

What am I?
Definition
Roundworms (Phylum Nematoda)
Term
What sheds their cuticle and grows a new one several times during their lives?
Definition
Nematodes
Term
Habitat- Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine
Body Structure- Bilateral, segmented, exoskeleton
Feeding- Uses a mouth to eat organic matter, plant parts, and animals
Circulatory System- Open Circulatory System
Respiratory System- Book Lungs, Gills, Spiracles
Excretory System- Complete Digestive System
Nervous System- Present
Movement- Yes
Reproduction- Sexual, Direct and Indirect Development
Defense- bite, sting, make noises, camouflage, jump, dig, etc.
Human use- materials, food, etc.
Level of Organization- Organ System

What am I?
Definition
Arthropods(Phylum Arthropoda)
Example- Spiders, scorpions, etc.
Term
Spiders belong to what subphyla of Arthropods?
Definition
Chelicerates
Term
Name the 2 groups of Chelicerates (Arthropoda)
Definition
Horseshoe Crab and Arachnids
Term
Insects, millipedes, and centipedes belong to what subphyla of Arthropods?
Definition
Mandibulates
Term
Crustaceans such as shrimp, crabs, and lobsters belong to what subphyla of Arthropods?
Definition
Mandibulates
Term
Habitat- Marine
Body Structure- Bilateral larvae, radial adults
Diversity- 6 groups
Feeding- Predators
Respiratory System- Gills, respiratory tree
Excretory System- Complete digestive tract
Nervous System- No brain, senses nerves through the legs
Movement- pumping, swimming
Reproduction- Sexual
Defense- Produce chemicals, fuse into a protective shell, etc.
Human use- Food
Level of Organization- Organ System

What am I?
Definition
Echinoderms
Example- Sea stars, sand dollars
Term
What are the 6 groups of Echinoderm?
Definition
Sea lilies, sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers
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